Drinking and Driving

The use of cellphone while driving Informative speech Specific purpose: to inform my audience about the risks that are involved while using their cellphone while driving and its penalties. Thesis: Using a cellphone while on the road could be risky. Organizational pattern: Topical order. INTRODUCTION: I. Attention Getter: ‘’Using a cellphone while driving, whether it is handheld or hands-free, delays drivers reactions as much as having blood alcohol concentration at the legal limit of 0. 8 percent. ’’ (University of Utah) II. Thesis: Driving while using a cellphone has its risks. III. Relevance: Why should you care?This topic relates to you because ‘’it is the number one cause of crashes for people within the ages 18-25. ’’ (University of Utah) IV. Credibility: I have conducted research for the past days. I have also had a personal experience. V. Brief review of main points: Today I will be talking about the use of cellphone while driving and the penalties this could have. TRANSITION: Let’s start by talking about what can happen if you use a cellphone while driving. BODY I. The use of cellphones while on the road. A. Distracts drivers, affects concentrations on the road. 1. ‘’In 2009, 5,474 people were killed in U. S. oadways and an estimated additional 448,000 were injured in motor vehicle crashes that were reported to have involved distracted driving. ’’ (FARS and GES) B. According to a research by the University of Utah, causes 33% of all call crashes. C. May cause injury, or even death. TRANSITION: Penalties of texting and driving. I. According to www. handsfreeinfo. com , many states implement new laws to stop cell phone use while driving with fines up to 120 dollars. You have done it, and I have done it. And even though we know these laws exist we have all continued to grab our cellphone once in a while while driving. II.Example of how five seconds without looking to th e road can affect you. III. What are the penalties for DUI in Texas? According to, http://dui. drivinglaws. org/texas. php , a first offense can cost you up to $2000 dollars; a third offense can reach up to the amount of $10,000 dollars. | 1st Offense| 2d offense | 3rd Offense| Minimum Jail| 3 to 180 days| 30 days to 1 year| 2 years| Fines and Penalties| Up to $2,000 (unless a child under 15 is in car)| Up to $4,000 (unless a child under 15 is in car)| Up to $10,000| License Suspension| 90 to 365 days| 180 days to 2 years| 180 days to 2 years| IID* Required| No| Yes| Yes|TRANSITION: As I conclude my speech, I would like my audience to reflect upon the effects that cell phone use while driving have on a person’s ability to drive are dangerous, not only to the driver, but to everyone around them. CONCLUSION: I. Thesis summary: Cellphone use while driving has its risks. II. Brief review of main points: I have talked to you about how many accidents can cell phone use cause, and a bout the consequences and penalties. III. Tie-back audience: An accident can not only happen to you, but to any of your loved ones. IV. Closure statement: Video: ‘’This is why cell phone use while driving should be illegal. ’’ (YouTube)

Native culture

Native culture BY abra6766 Native Women's Roles in the Southwest In the Native American culture, women are not much talked about even though they do play an important role in the Native society. Women don't only serve as a housekeeper, which is the generally believed myth, but they rather do other thing like farming and crafting while the men were out hunting. Native Americans even believed that women had more healing powers than the men did and thus we have heard of more medicine women than medicine men.Also, to the native culture, music and dance is an important part of the culture. Even though throughout class we have learned that women play a lesser of a role in native music and dance, they actually do a lot more to provide to their society culturally. In my essay, I will be focusing on the roles of Native American women in the skills of music, dance and daily chores which are of particular importance to the Indian culture. We mainly focus on the southwestern region and how women in the southwest contribute which in many cases overlap with other regions.The music in the southwest includes styles such as Navajo and Apache and they hold agricultural ceremonies like Kachina. Southwest is believed to be known for its outstanding women's musical custom of using leg rattles which is used while they dance (Southwest Navajo Indians). Even though men are given importance while singing or dancing, women do play a supporting role in the dancing and singing and they are not completely ignored by the Indian community. Normally, women dance on their spots while men tend to move around in circles or other formations.Women also do sing, but many times men do the main stream singing, while the females accompany them. But in most cases women only accompany in the dancing or even ance solo without men rather than sing. These celebrations of dancing and singing occur during ceremonies held by the community. Two such celebrations that I found interesting and that played an impo rtant role in the native women's life were the Navajo coming of the age ceremony and the Navajo wedding ceremony.The Navajo coming of age ceremony is the celebration in the southwest region, of a girl undergoing puberty where she is no longer a girl but a woman. The ceremony includes a song sung by the medicine man to mark the change in the girl's status rom girl to woman. After the singing is done, she runs east and she is escorted by a few men whose purpose is to keep the evil spirit away. The Southwest is not the only tribe that holds ceremonies but the region of California also holds ceremonies as such Flower Girl which has a similar meaning behind the ceremony, but not necessarily the same ritual.The other ceremony is the Navajo wedding ceremony which is quite an unique ceremony because it is a custom in the Navajo culture where the groom gets married into the brides household which is different in the ase of the of the American tradition. It is said that the woman's family get s a son instead of losing a daughter which is the opposite in many different traditions. The groom gives up his family in order to adopt his bride's family and relative. Whenever the groom travels, he seeks shelter in the household of his bride's relatives rather than his own (Southwest Navajo Indians).Thus, ceremonies did give importance to women in tribal society. Another important aspect ot Native American culture is the regalia and clothing. Women were the seamstresses. They gave high importance to he making of clothing and they added in decorations and intricate details that signify deep meaning like power and stature (Native American Clothing). Women also made these clothings with care and tenderness as a symbol of love for their loved ones. Many of these outfits are made out of animals that were hunted by the men.Women treated animals as sacred beings and they made sure that did waste any part of the animal or animal product. Women's regalia include a skirt with legging and t he skirts differ according to tribe; also they would wear tunic style shirts. In any tribes, women actually wore dresses made out of buckskin. These unique clothing styles set the Indians apart from other cultures. When it comes to religion, women are believed to be more powerful. Even though there are some medicine men, women are commonly found doing the role medicine woman.They play an important role during ceremonies like the Navajo coming of the age ceremony. They are considered to have healing powers which lasts them through death. Women more easily become medicine woman because they are more familiar with medicinal herbs than the men (Medicine Woman). A woman is gifted her powers during her sleep by one of the spirits. One task of Native American women as a matter in fact every woman which goes unnoticed is their contribution to society with young and new members ( The Women's Role).This holds importance in Indian tribes because they are so small and compact they might not hav e enough members and without a new generation, none of the cultures or traditions would be passed down but would rather die off. Many Indian societies today face the danger of extinction because they do not have enough members to carry on with the traditions or many times these embers lack the interest in learning more about their culture. Women play an important role as a housekeeper and provide their children with basic knowledge about the tribal society and its importance.Therefore, it can be concluded that Native American women do play an important role in their society as clearly shown by the women of the southwestern region. Many of these duties performed by women overlap with other regions like the Northwest and Arctic. In most cases some of the rituals and traditions are the same with a slight difference. Even though it is elieved that men play a major role in the tribal society, it is not true because women play an equal role as men do and also contribute to their tribal so ciety.

Kudler Fine Foods – Functional Area Interrelationships

Kudler Fine Foods – Functional Area Interrelationships Bus/475 July 16, 2012 Kudler Fine Foods Kudler Fine Foods offers delicacy food s to its customers. Kudler treats its foods with love and care. These delicacies give customers excellent meat, bread, seafood, and wine. Kudler’s mission, vision, values, and goals are extraordinary. This paper is a review of Kudler’s reason for existence, organizational structure, steps in collaboration, positive action plan, and collaborative roles of the key stakeholders. Kudler uses these steps to have a successful organization. The organization is successful because customers can get quality foods here.Organization’s Existence Kudler Fine Foods is an upscale specialty food store offering its customers the best in imported and domestic fare. The founder and owner Kathy Kudler had a vision for the business she wanted to develop because she found relief from the stress of working as vice-president of marketing for a large defense contractor by cooking gourmet foods. Realizing that it was not easy to find the necessary ingredients, Kathy noticed there was a business opportunity that she could capitalize on. Kudler’s mission is to provide customers with a pleasing shopping outing.Kudler wants their customers to understand that the products sold at their stores are nothing less than what Kathy Kudler uses in her own home. The goal is to provide customers with the best service by going â€Å"to extensive lengths to assure that Kudler Fine Foods is the purveyor of choice for customers aspiring to purchase the finest epicurean delights† (Kudler Fine Foods, About, 2011, para. 3,). The value that Kudler Fine Foods wants to instill in the company is to treat the customer’s shopping experience like Kathy would treat her own by shopping the world for the best to provide the products not offered in other stores.Kudler is highly selective in regard to the team members. The goal of Kudler Fin e Foods is to expand and to have outstanding growth in the fine foods and specialty industry, and continue to have high profits in the future. Analysis of the Organizational Structure After analyzing the type of organizational structure employed by Kudler Fine Foods, it is clear that their main focuses are on the customers and the company’s reputation. The company’s hybrid structure employs directors and managers with functional area expertise, geographic location focus, and product area specialization.There are limited spans of control in this small company and communication flows are not overly complicated. The founder Kathy Kudler was tired of the large corporate world and wanted to relieve some of the stress in her life. Therefore, back in 1998 she created a business plan and obtained funding to open the first Kudler Fine Foods. Because of the clear organizational structure and mission statement, Kudler Fine Foods was a success and broke even within the first nine months.The main driver behind that success was offering each customer a delightful and pleasing shopping outing with the fresh and finest products from all around the world. The continual success has given Kathy and the management the ability to open two more stores in the Southern California area. Kudler Fine Foods also offers home delivery and that is another key position that supports the organization structure. Because there are currently three stores open in the Southern California area and customers ordering via the Internet, Kathy needs to take a larger leadership role and rely on the store managers.The managers of the stores need to understand clearly the organization’s mission statement and Kathy’s vision to continue with the success the organization has had since opening in 1998. The staff members at each Kudler Fine Foods location are key positions that directly reflect the vision and structure that Kathy has developed as the founder. In these key positions, it becomes essential for the store managers to ensure their staff is continuing to focus on the goals of providing customers a superb shopping experience. Each employee working for Kudler Fine Foods is in a key position to ensure the company continues its success.Collaboration Process The success of Kudler Fine Foods depends on the implementation of a good business strategy and collaborating among the functional areas to meet the organizational goals. The proof of a successful strategy is the three stores Kudler recently opened. The goal is to implement the company mission and †Go to extensive lengths to assure that Kudler Fine Foods is the purveyor of choice for customers aspiring to purchase the finest epicurean delights† (Kudler Fine Foods, About, 2011, para. 3,). Step 1: The business strategy goals are to capitalize on specialty products and offer products for all incomes.The business strategy is a collaboration of the broad differentiation strategy and focused mark et niche strategy. The broad differentiation strategy concentrates on â€Å"seeking to differentiate the company's product offering from rivals' in ways that will appeal to a broad spectrum of buyers. † The focused market niche strategy principles are differentiation and concentrating on a narrow buyer segment that may outcompete rivals by offering niche members customized attributes that meet their tastes and requirements better than rivals' products† (Thompson, Gamble, & Strickland, 2006, p. 14). Step 2: The complimentary strategic option Kudler Fine Foods will outsource selected value chain activities by creating global supply chain relationships that will manage low-cost and high-quality merchandise. The goal is to keep a competitive edge in the grocery and spirits departments by successfully partnering with suppliers that may create a competitive pressure for rival grocery stores and liquor stores (Thompson, Gamble, & Strickland, p. 57, 2006).Step 3: Functional are a strategy supporting the complimentary strategy is to enhance research and development by adding in-store surveys to comply with customer needs and wants. Also plot out a strategic group map that will identify competing grocery stores. Step 4: Timing a company’s strategic moves in the marketplace to create the first store of its type that is number one in the marketplace. Kudler Fine Foods is capitalizing on its niche and differentiation by opening two more stores. Along with the horizontal integration, this creates a stronger presence in the marketplace.Step 5: To control the cost drivers, the organization will incorporate a software package to manage inventory in all three stores. The software will collaborate with vendors and customers by adding an electronic data interchange software to manage suppliers and customer orders. This will allow just-in-time orders and alleviate overstocking perishables or large quantities of expensive items. Lateral and Vertical Collaboration Vertical communication flows up and down the organization’s chain of command (Richmond & McCroskey, 2009).Lateral or horizontal communication occurs between peers. Vertical channels are more formal and take the form of e-mail, memos, policies or procedures, posted notices, staff meetings, or face-to-face meetings. Horizontal communication is less formal and focuses on how employees feel about what is (or is not) happening in the company. Kathy Kudler holds a monthly operational review meeting to discuss customer service, monthly sales, and what new items to offer. Other than a few memos and policies, Kathy’s meetings are the best example of vertical collaboration at Kudler.Nearly all of the vertical communication flows to Kathy. The time she spends time at each store gives line level employees some face-to-face opportunities. Department managers of each product category are â€Å"encouraged to check with their counterparts at other stores on the pricing, quality, and delivery of the merchandise they order† (Kudler Fine Foods, Sales & Marketing, para. 6). This is a good example of horizontal collaboration. Kudler Fine Foods would benefit by using its intranet site to post information from monthly operations review meetings.An employer to employee blog is a good way for employees to make comments or ask questions. Key Stakeholders The following key stakeholders influence Kudler’s ability to achieve its goal of offering a â€Å"pleasing customer experience† with â€Å"the finest epicurean delights† (Kudler Fine Foods, About, 2011, para. 3). †¢ Customers: The goal cannot be met unless customers are buying products. Feedback gathered through employee interaction and through surveys provides Kudler with insights for improvement. Kathy Kudler: Establishes the company’s goals, decides how to communicate effectively with stakeholders and provides the necessary leadership and resources. †¢ Three administrative directors: Responsible for planning, leading, organizing, and controlling in functional areas of operations/purchasing/inventory, administration/human resources, and finance/accounting/computer Support). This group must have regular communication with Kathy and with each other. Plans are communicated down the line through meetings, e-mail, training, policies, and procedures. Store managers: Supervise line staff and run day-to-day operations at each store. This group opens and closes the store on time, makes sure it is clean, secure, well-stocked, and appropriately staffed, resolves problems, responds to customer needs, and follows correct cash-handling procedures. †¢ Department managers: Three managers at each store are responsible for the inventory in their product area. They collaborate with Kathy and other managers at monthly operational review meetings. †¢ Line staff: This group is the direct link with customers.They provide assistance, check customers out, bag groceri es, stock shelves, and receive inventory. They need a formal mechanism for community up the line. †¢ Suppliers: Kudler is dependent on suppliers to get perishable inventory on the shelves. Kudler has a new supplier relations program in place. †¢ Lenders: Kathy Kudler keeps a good credit rating and relationship with her bankers to tide her through the peak seasons and maintain cash flow. †¢ Competitors: Kudler can keep an eye on what competitors are offering by visiting their stores on a regular basis. Community stakeholders: Kudler can adopt and support a deserving community group to keep up a positive profile in Del Mar, La Jolla, and Encinitas. Conclusion Kudler Fine Foods uses the organization’s goals, structure, collaboration process, action plans, and key stakeholders to become successful. Kudler is now a nationwide store. Customers love to shop at Kudler because of the quality of food that is offered. Kudler established all of these accomplishments from t he organizational existence and structure.The collaboration process and action plans have clarified the objectives. These objectives made Kudler’s goals successful. The key stakeholders see these accomplishments. The key stakeholders will continue to support Kudler Fine Foods. References Kudler Fine Foods. (2011). Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Kudler2/internet/index. asp Richmond, V. P. & McCroskey, J. C. (2009) Organizational Communication for Survival: Making Work, Work, (4th Ed. ). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon/Pearson Education, Inc. Thompson, A. A. , Gamble, J. E. , &

Green Power Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Green Power - Essay Example Furthermore Green Power is associated with a cleaner environment devoid of pollution. The Green energy sources include wind, solar, biomass and water. Renewable energy plants can provide a constant flow of power which can be the greatest realization for humanity. Presently this is not the case. There is a clarion call across the world for the adoption of Green energy in a bid to conserve Mother Nature. Indeed, the call for these safer and non-pollutant forms of energy cannot really be emphasized. Several researches have demonstrated the great harm done across the world through the usage of oil and other forms of energy not classified under this category. In few countries across the world, Green Power contributes substantially toward the total national grid. However, in most countries, the consumption of green energy is still very limited to the extent of 2 to 5% for most developed countries. Such a trend worries considering that the world’s oil resources are running out at amazing rates. It certainly calls for alternative measures to be put in place in order to address the situation before issues go haywire. The greatest challenge facing the consumption of Green Power across the world is the already established infrastructure that serves the consumers. The incorporation of green energy into such infrastructures is normally a difficult affair. The centralized nature of most electricity grids in the world means that purchasing the Green energy from the producers becomes difficult. In the Netherlands, electricity companies are compelled to buy a given amount of the Green energy to supplement the national output and to serve clients who specifically opt for the green energy sources. The Green Power affair has become an important program across the world and people are called upon to join the bandwagon. Policy makers are giving many reasons on why such renewable sources of energy should greatly be adopted across the world. The amount of carbon

Rights and Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rights and Freedom - Essay Example The Bill of Rights guarantees the privacy of citizens and grants them the right to a fair judicial trial process. There are two procedures of amending the US constitution is not fair since it entails a lot of lobbying and scrutiny all the States and houses of the legislature. Rights and freedom Introduction The First Amendment of the US constitution prohibits the Congress from making any law that may prohibit the right and freedom of worship, the right and freedom of peaceful assembly, the freedom of petition, the freedom of the press and the freedom of speech. The First Amendment is an important aspect of US constitution since protestors could be silenced by the federal government and press could not criticize the government without fear of reprisal. In addition, the citizens could have been constrained in petitioning the government in agitation of social change through peaceful assembly. Without the First Amendment, religious minority groups could be prosecuted since the government could have the powers to establish a state religion. Personally, I believe that the freedom of speech is the most important freedom that is guaranteed by the First Amendment of the US constitution. The freedom of speech includes both words and symbolic speech that is safeguarded by the 1st Amendment. The freedom of speech is a freedom of expression that allows citizens to express themselves without any government interference. The US Supreme Court requires the government to make substantive explanation and justification in all attempts that aim at regulating the contents of the speech. Although the freedom of speech is guaranteed, this excludes any speech that is aimed at causing violence or propagating illegal activities. I have realized that the level of protection that the speech will attract will depend on the forum in which the speech takes place. Some types of speeches are either unprotected or less protected and include commercial speech, advocacy of illegal activities, figh ting words, and obscenity. In the case of Meyer v. Grant, 486 U.S 414, 108S. Ct. 1886, the Supreme court clarified that political speech entails any interactive communication that concerns political change while Buckley V. Valeo, 424 U.S 1, 96 1976, asserted that circulating petitions, placards, making speeches and orations was a safeguarded political speech. Speeches that incite illegal activities are prohibited if they aim at directly inciting or producing lawless action. However, the government can not punish anti-war protestors who oppose the government actions through speech. Fighting words such as derogatory messages receive lower protection while obscenity and pornographic speech is controlled by the government. The First Amendment also safeguards some symbolic expressions which are likely to be understood by the audience unless the symbolic expression is against societal interests. Advertising speech is also safeguarded than fighting words due to consumers’ need of ma rket information. However, political speech is granted the utmost protection by the constitution. The Bill of Rights and subsequent notable amendments to U.S constitution democracy are of significant importance. The Bill of Rights consists of first 10 amendments of US constitutions and safeguards the freedom of religion, and freedom of expres

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General - Essay Example 2. How are trade discount amounts, chain discounts used in the entertainment industry? Within the entertainment industry, trade discount amounts are used by allotting cuts on the works of the business to business partners, who are facilitating each other on a number of tasks and activities (Haines 2007). These discounts make up the figures for meeting the expenses and bringing them down in a considerable manner. Similarly chain discounts are offered when the entertainment industry gives cuts on volume (bulk) work flows, and when the need is to have more work at a lesser cost. The trade discount amounts and chain discounts work to good effect within the entertainment industry because these embody the basis of success for the people who work under such regimes, and they get to be paid much better than these discounts were introduced in the first place. Works Cited Haines, Douglas C. Manufacturer and Retailer Power in Retailer Response to Trade Discounts. Academy of Marketing Studies Jo urnal, Vol. 11, 2007

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Developments And Changes Music Over Time - Essay Example Music publishing is the process concerned with valuing, developing, and protecting music in the wider music industry. Music publishers are the people charged or tasked with the duty of developing new music and taking care of the business side. They do this to help songwriters and composers to concentrate their efforts on the creation of new music. This therefore leads to the definition of a music publisher as that person who seeks out music, composers and songwriters, goes ahead to promote their catalogues, manages the business exploitation of those catalogues through registration of works and collection of due royalties in order to protect and enhance the work of songwriters and composers (Dolfsma, 2000). They achieve this by doing the following tasks; finding new talents then supporting and encouraging them. Coordinate work flow and secure commissions. They also register the works of songwriters to the appropriate societies and agencies. They produce demo recordings and performance materials in contemporary classical music. They also license and produce printed music.

Select an interesting Topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Select an interesting Topic - Essay Example The first word of the title says it all, and is actually quite a humbling thought. Let me explain. While I have never considered myself to be a ‘poor’ writer, I simply did not consider all of my initial drafts to be pure and utter crap. To do so would be to admit that I am not perfect. I mean, after all, who wants to admit that? Seriously, though, I have simply never considered that a first draft should never be looked upon as a paper that anyone but myself would see. Instead, I figured that if I put my thoughts down on paper in a semi-coherent manner, well, that would be enough. Now I understand otherwise. I am actually going to take quite a lot away from having read Lamott’s essay. While I may never be a professional writer, I can certainly strive to do better with recording my thoughts and ideas on paper. I should look at a first draft as an opportunity to expand my ideas and truly capture my thoughts on paper. To do this, I can take the first draft and really polish it up, looking for items I may have missed, and tossing others that, upon reflection, add little substance to the piece. When I do this, I will certainly create better work, no matter how big or small the assignment may

Strategic Information Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic Information Management - Essay Example This essay discusses that for any organisation, the strategic planning begins with clearly demarcated missions. The mission of an organisation defines the fundamental purpose of the company in the industry with respect to products or services it provides to the customers. It is the mission of an organisation which describes the cause for existence of the company in the market. Furthermore, the mission statement also tells about the abilities by which organisations seek to compete in the market and peruse success. On the other hand, strategies initiated by any organisation explain the limitations under which the company can conduct its business operations. The strategies of organisations are developed and implemented by management which describe the geographic restrictions, market operations, methods of conducting business and development of products or services. The mission of an organisation is translated in every deeds of organisation, and therefore the strategies are developed in such a way so that it can provide a framework about accomplishing the mission. There is a direct relationship with adoption of any strategy and mission. Apart from the mission of an organisation, the business environment on which the organisation operates its business also has direct relation with the adoption of strategy. The business environment levies several restrictions on an organisation and therefore has substantial impact on the possibilities and activities of organisation. Before developing a strategy, organisations need to identify the business environmental forces which can impact on the business. ... Numerous environmental aspects such as political, social, cultural, and competition among others have significant impacts on the strategies taken by organisation. It is significant for any organisation to understand purposes, scopes and objectives of business through mission statement, to recognise the internal and the external business environment and accordingly develop strategies which are consistent with the industry as well as the business. The following diagram will describe the relationship between strategy, organisational mission and business environment: Source: (Saleem, 2006). Strategic Planning Process A recognised strategic planning procedure has five basic steps which are illustrated in the following diagram: Source: (Hill & Jones, 2009). Formulate The Mission And Major Business Objectives: The first phase of strategic planning is creating the mission statement which delivers the outline or background within which the strategies will be framed. The mission statement of a n organisation has four key components which are: 1. Statement for cause of presence for an organisation in the industry 2. Statement of few anticipated future circumstances 3. Statement of crucial values that the organisation will promise to the stakeholders and, 4. Statement of main objectives The mission will provide what an organisation is for, such as the mission statement of Kodak provides customers with the solutions they require to capture, save, and share images, or in other words, the presence of Kodak in the industry is to deliver solutions reading photos to the consumers. The mission of Kodak is customer centric which concentrates on fulfilling the photo requirements of customers (Hill &

Telecommunications and Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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The Universal Declaration of the Rights of men and Citizen 1789 and Essay

The Universal Declaration of the Rights of men and Citizen 1789 and Modern Political Thought - Essay Example Reforms were put in place but this resulted in divisions because the Assembly adopted a position that was against the church and declared war on nations that supported the French king. Anarchy ensued and in 1792, the National Assembly declared itself as a National Convention. It abolished the monarchy, established a French Republic and executed King Louis XVI the following year (Wilde, 2009). The first part of the Revolution was characterized by moral and physical violence. The States-General met in 1789 in Versailles but were paralyzed by the refusal of the Third Estate (the Commons) to meet separately as a distinct, inferior body. On June 17, the Commons took the crucial revolutionary step of declaring their assembly to be the National Assembly, thereby destroying the States-General. This first assertion of the sovereign authority of the nation soon inspired a popular rising in Paris, marked by the storming of the Bastille on July 14. Concurrently, urban and rural revolts occurred throughout France. Suspicions generated by the political crisis had aggravated the discontent aroused by the failure of the 1788 harvest and an exceptionally severe winter. The peasants pillaged and burned the chateaus of the aristocracy destroying the records of their manorial dues (Sydenham, 1997). The revolutionary government declared war against Great Britain in January of 1793. In Cody’s treatise, it was mentioned that what followed was the Reign of Terror where all potential enemies of the ruling faction, regardless of their age, sex and physical condition, were executed. In October of 1795, a new system, the Directory replaced the revolutionary government and the first bicameral legislature in the history of France was instituted. The parliament was composed of 500 representatives and 250 senators while executive power was granted to five directors. After four years,

Mass Media Influence on the Society Proposal Essay Example for Free

Mass Media Influence on the Society Proposal Essay In the last 50 years, the influence of the media on the society has grown exponentially with the advance of technology. Mass media is a major force in modern culture, particularly in America. All lot of times they refer to this as a mediated culture where media reflects and creates the culture. If you look in the past, first there was the post offices and telegram, and then they build the radio, newspaper and magazines, later television and now internet. Mass media is all about communication whether spoken, written or broadcast that reaches a large audience. This includes movies, magazines, radio, television, advertising, the internet and so forth. But how is mass media influencing our society. This question is what drives me to writing this proposal. To do this research I will be using Internet, e-books and other researches done on this topic to really understand this subject and based on the result of my analysis I will present my findings and conclusion on the questions. Read more:Â  Essay About Media Influences on Society Research Question How is mass media influencing our society? Sub Questions: 1. How does mass media influence work? 2. What are the effects of media? 3. What kind of impact does mass media have on our youth? Introduction If you ask around most of the people will tell you that media is really influencing people. But how is mass media really influencing our way of living. Before discussing the influence of mass media on society it is important to point out the 3 basic functions of mass media. The basic function of media is to provide entertainment, education and news/ information. The most important function of media is to provide news and information to the masses. That is why the present era is known as the information age. People need news or information for different reasons, on one hand it can be used to socialize and on the other to make decisions and formulate opinions. Entertainment would be the other function where it is mostly used to amuse in present day hectic environment. Educating the masses about their rights, moral, social and religious obligations is another important function of mass media. Due to globalization a huge number of people depend on communication and information to stay connected to the world and their daily activities like education, work, health care, socialization and travel. If you look at a common person he or she wakes up each morning and checks newspaper or television news which he or she uses for basing their decisions.

Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Extract from Marang Seeds

Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Extract from Marang Seeds Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Extract from Marang Seeds (Artocarpus odoratissimus)  against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis Introduction Essential oils are widely gaining interest a component in medicinal products, food industry and pharmaceutical industry. Many studies were conducted to identify the antimicrobial, antifungal and insecticidal activities of essential oils obtained from plants. Essential oils have many therapeutic activities and they aid the distribution of drugs and antiseptics. Furthermore, the testing of plant extracts for its antimicrobial activity has always been of great attention to scientists looking for new sources for drugs for the treatment of various diseases (Nagala et al., 2013). Antimicrobial Compounds from Plants Phenols According to Cetin-Karaca (2011), phenolic compounds are one of the most diverse groups of secondary metabolites found in edible plants. They are found in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, stems and flowers. There are different classes of polyphenols known as tannins, lignins and flavonoids. Cinnamic and caffeic acids are common representatives of a wide group of phenylpropane-derived compounds which are in the highest oxidation state. Herbs such as tarragon and thyme both contain caffeic acid that is effective against viruses, bacteria and fungi. Catechol and pyrogallol both are hydroxylated phenols, shown to be toxic to microorganisms. Catechol has two 2OH groups, and pyrogallol has three. The site(s) and number of hydroxyl groups on the phenol group are thought to be related to their relative toxicity to microorganisms, with evidence that increased hydroxylation results in increased toxicity (Cowan, 1999). Flavonoids Flavonoids are the most widely occurring polyphenol and are present in almost every form of human consumed vegetation. Flavonoids are potent antioxidants, free radical scavengers and metal chelators; they inhibit lipid peroxidation and exhibit various physiological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-hypertensive, anti-arthritic and antimicrobial activities (Cetin-Karaca, 2011). Flavonoids are also hydroxylated phenolic substances but occur as a C6-C3 unit linked to an aromatic ring. Since they are known to be synthesized by plants in response to microbial infection, it should not be surprising that they have been found in vitro to be effective antimicrobial substances against a wide array of microorganisms. Catechins, the most reduced form of the C3 unit in flavonoid compounds, have been extensively researched due to their occurrence in oolong green teas. It was noticed some time ago that teas exerted antimicrobial activity and that they contain a mixture of catechin compounds. These compounds inhibited in vitro Vibrio cholerae, Streptococcus mutans, Shigella and other bacteria and microorganisms (Cowan, 1999). Plant Extracts as Potential Antibacterial Agents Numerous studies investigated about the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against a great number of bacterial species. Plant extracts were prepared from fresh or dried plant material using conventional extraction methods (Soxhlet extraction, maceration, percolation). Extraction is process of separation of active compounds from plant material using different solvents. During extraction, solvents diffuse into the plant material and solubilise compounds with similar polarity. At the end of the extraction, solvents have been evaporated, so that an extract is a concentrated mixture of plant active compounds. Successful extraction is largely dependent on the type of solvent used in the extraction procedure. Water extracts and extracts from organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform are usually used. Diffusion and dilution method are two types of susceptibility test used to determine the antibacterial efficacy of plant extracts. Diffusion method is a qualitati ve test which allows classification of bacteria as susceptible or resistant to the tested plant extract according to size of diameter of the zone of inhibition. In dilution method, the activity of plant extracts is determined as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC is defined as the lowest concentration able to inhibit bacterial growth (Stefanovic, et al., 2012). Marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus) Artocarpus odoratissimus is also known as Marang, Johey oak or Tarap which is a tropical fruit tree native to Asia. It belongs to the Moraceae family and is closely related to Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and breadfruit (Artocarpus comminis). It originated in Borneo and has been introduced into neighbouring countries, including the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand. It is an evergreen tree, which can grow up to 25 m tall and has a 40 cm diameter trunk with low buttresses. The leaves are broadly elliptic to obovate at around 16to 50cm long and 11to 28cmwide. They are cuneated at base to slightly decurrent, margin entire or shallowly crenate, and apex blunt or shortly acuminate. It is a monoecious plant so one plant is enough for the production of fruit. The fruit is green, ovoid in shape, quite large, averaging about 16 cm in length, 13 cm in diameter and weighing about 1 kg (KPR Gardeners Club, 2009). It is roundish oblong, regular, and thickly studded with short, brittle, g reenish yellow spines. The rind is thick and fleshy. The flesh is snowy white, very sweet when ripe, juicy and very aromatic. The flesh is separated into segments clinging to the central core and each segment contains a seed. The seeds are many, whitish, 8 Ãâ€" 15 mm in size, smooth surfaced and readily separated from the flesh (Subhadrabandhu, 2001). Escherichia coli Escherichia coliis the most prevalent infecting organism in the family of gram-negative bacteria known as enterobacteriaceae.E. coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium propelled by long, rapidly rotating flagella. Escherichia colibacteria were discovered in the human colon in 1885 by German bacteriologist Theodor Escherich. Dr. Escherich also showed that certain strains of the bacterium were responsible for infant diarrhea and gastroenteritis, an important public health discovery. AlthoughE. coli bacteria were initially called Bacterium coli, the name was later changed toEscherichia colito honor its discoverer (Clark, 2005). It is part of the normal flora of the mouth and gut and helps protect the intestinal tract from bacterial infection, aids in digestion, and produces small amounts of vitamins B12 and K. The bacterium, which is also found in soil and water, is widely used in laboratory research and is said to be the most thoroughly studied life form (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2012). Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus epidermidis belongs to the genus Staphylococcus, and they are facultative anaerobes (Wiedemer, 2012). Staphylococcus epidermidis is a well characterized, non-fastidious, and it is a gram positive bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a coagulase – negative staphylococcus (CNS) they are found and colonizes the skin and the mucous membranes of the human body and they play an important part of it normal flora (Sousa et al., 2008). These species of staphylococcus secretes and produces a biofilm of polysaccharides that protects the cell against the host immune system or antibiotic treatments (Schjorring et al., 2002). These staphylococci are mainly dispersed during skin to skin contact using medical instruments and procedures. Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause infections in humans like meningitis, urinary tract infection (UTI) conjunctivitis, and endocarditis (Wiedemer, 2012). Bibliography Cetin-Karaca, H. (2011). Evaluation of Natural Antimicrobial Phenolic Compounds Against Foodborne Pathogens. University of Kentucky Masters Theses.Paper 652. Retrieved from http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1163context=gradschool_theses Clark, M. (2005). E. coli Food Poisoning: What is E. coli and how does it cause food poisoning? About E. coli. Retrieved from http://www.about-ecoli.com/. Retrieved on July 15, 2014. Cowan, M. (1999). Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct. 1999, p. 564–582. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88925/pdf/cm000564.pdf?origin=publication_detail KPR Gardeners Club. (2009). Breadfruit Artocarpus odoratissimus, Marang. Botanix – A Journal About Plants and Gardening. Retrieved from http://www.botanix.kpr.eu/en/index.php?text=6-breadfruit-artocarpus-odoratissimus-marang Nagala, S., Yekula, M. Tamanam, R. (2013). Antioxidant and gas chromatographic analysis of à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ve varieties of jackfruit (Artocarpus) seed oils. Drug Invention Today 5 (2013) 315-320. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0975761913000616 Schjorring, S., Ramos, A., Fraustrup, H., Hallin, P.F. (2002). Pathogenic investigation of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Technical University of Denmark. Retrieved from http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/~pfh/files/mrsa.pdf Sousa,C., Teixeira, P. Oliveira, R. (2008). Influence of surface properties on the adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis to Acrylic and Silicone. International Journal of Biomaterials Volume2009(2009), Article ID718017, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2009/718017. Retrieved from http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijbm/2009/718017/ Subhadrabandhu, S. (2001). Under-Utilized Tropical Fruits of Thailand. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regiona Office for Asia and the Pacific. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-ab777e.pdf Stefanovic, et al. (2012). Antibacterial Activity of Naturally Occurring Compounds from Selected Plants. ISBN: 978-953-51-0723-1, InTech, DOI: 10.5772/33059. Retrieved from http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/38642.pdf The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. (2012). Escherichia coli. Infoplease.com. Retrieved from http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/escherichia-coli.html Wiedemer, C. (2012). Microbiology Unknown Lab Report. CPR St. Louis. Retrieved from http://aclsstlouis.com/3961/microbiology-unknown-lab-reports/

The Debate Over Internet Censorship Essay -- Television Media TV Censo

The Debate Over Internet Censorship Many people believe the Internet has become the World’s Emancipation Proclamation. They believe that this newfound cyber-freedom will free countless generations of people. These people will be of every race, creed and color, whose lives, up until now, have been restrained by the paradigm of governments. Whether it is the United States Government, or the government of a foreign nation, the Internet will be our new Underground Railroad of cyberspace.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recently, the World Wide Web has come under fire from various forms of censorship. Singapore has been a giant of aggressiveness in regard to censorship and technology. But even with Singapore’s relentless efforts for control of the World Wide Web, the public still seeks to stay informed on every issue that concerns mankind. â€Å"As a new technology the Internet defies censorship because of characteristics such as information explosion, de-massification, convergence, computer culture, and globalization† (Kolko 424).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But is this newfound freedom man’s salvation, or the Plagues of Egypt? â€Å"Almost anything is allowed on the Internet as long as it does not violate the laws of the country in which the originator resides. But even if the law of the land is broken, it is nearly impossible to enforce criminal laws out of that country’s borders† (Kolko 426). As we move from our â€Å"own little world† of existence to a limitless arena of information in cyber space, at what cost does this newfound freedom come?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All countries, like most everything else, have evolved to their ideas, beliefs and laws, primarily based on uncontrollable circumstances. Massive mistakes, holocausts of Biblical proportions, financi... ...ce and above all— warranty (10 years or 100,000 miles—5 years or 60,000 miles, bumper to bumper). Now that is competition!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, it is my belief that there is a bright future for Singapore and every other country that allows the freedom of choice for their people. After all it is the people that make a nation, not the governing-few. The governing-few work for us, we do not work for them. And in reality, that is not only true for countries, but states, cities, companies, and industries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is my hope that Singapore will continue to prosper (at least until my warranty runs out), and that all of us can learn to agree to disagree about censorship on the Internet. We may not like what we see or hear, but we should hold in highest regard the rights of everyone to be allowed the privilege to decide for their self.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

The Concern of National Debt :: Argumentative Economy Economics Papers

The Concern of National Debt The National Debt is large, and should be a major concern to the economy. But a even bigger concern is how our Government plans to balance the budget and pay off the Federal Deficit. I am not in favor of passing the National Debt on to future generations, nor am I in favor of passing the Republican's Budget Plan either. The Republican's wantto sharply cut spending for Medicare and Medicaid health benefits for elderly and poor Americans in order to balance the budget by 2002 - while also providing $240 billion in tax cuts. I am in favor of balancing the budget but through many different routes. 1) cut Social Security but have Americans set-up tax free IRA's for their future. 2) Make a politicians job not so glamourous. A mere $35,000 dollars per year and a suitable benefits plan like the majority of Americans have would be fine. Maybe not so many greedy, power hungry indviduals would want the job to make them richer and us the American workers poorer. Maybe just maybe an average american would take the job to help the overall benefit of America as a whole and not just worry what is in it for them. 3) Cut some of the entitlements programs, but let the American people decide where to cut. The Government should have on-line voting, so our voices are heard. The Republican's package is a tax cut for the rich, it;s much more a tax cut for the middle class -- and a bad deal for the working poor. But I do understand, no matter where the cuts go, or who they hurt more, the dollars must come out. Take the dollars away from the rich and the greedy politicians who want more and more each year for their own benefit!! Most of these politicians are set for life with their million dollar benefits

In Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuit the main character feels Essa

In Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuit the main character feels betrayed by others. Compare how feelings of betrayal are shown in this story and another story of your choice. a) The ways in which the main character is let down by others. b) How the authors show the feelings of betrayal by the way in which they write. c) Differences in the stories. I am going to talk about themes of betrayal, comparing "Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuit" and "Chemistry". In both of these stories, some characters are betrayed. The narrator in "Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuit" is betrayed by her community when they think she is guilty of pushing over Paula Brown and ruining her new coat. She felt especially betrayed by her Uncle Frank, whom she compares with Superman, as he is her hero in the story. When he does not believe her, she describes it as; "the year the war began and the real world, and the difference." The experience taught her lesson, and marks the end of her childhood. In "Chemistry", it is Grandfather, who is betrayed by his daughter and Ralph. The narrator, his widowed mother and grandfather once lived together in harmony in the grandfathers' house. Their harmony is disturbed by the arrival of Ralph, his mothers' boyfriend. Grandfather becomes increasingly isolated when his daughter and Ralph are mean to him so he retires to his shed, and eventually commits suicide, leaving the others to begin a new life. The stories are both about themes of betrayal, and at the same time are very contrasting stories. "Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuit" is about more trivial things, a Snowsuit being ruined, but it was important to the narrator because it showed her the "real world", and taught... ...s much more factual whereas the other is more opinionated and uses much more metaphors and similes. The style of "Chemistry" is such that it always seems to keep to the point, and when there are sometimes long descriptions about things which do not seem t first important, there always seems to be a hidden meaning behind them, for example the door to the shed which symbolised a "step out" or half way out of life for Grandfather. In "Superman and Paula Browns New Snowsuit" there are a lot of things which do not have much significance to the story, and which add more detail to just set the scene; "he taught me some ju-jitsu in the living room until mother called us for supper". They have some similarities, they are both about relationships between family, and about their childhoods. They are also about changes in their lives and in the way they look at life.

How Does Culture Affect Meaning and Communication Essay

Nowadays we live in what is considered a â€Å"global village†, over time we have collectively worked towards this end. The need and desire to create a closer global community is not only seen as a technological advantage but an economic benefit. The world as we know it gets smaller every day, thanks to a new generation of social media applications such as facebook or twitter, which links vast communities together; communities and cultures are no longer cut off or remote. Take facebook for example, it has over 1 billion users, if it were a country it would be the third largest by population. (www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2013/012313.htm) Whether you live and work in remote Antarctica or bustling Hong Kong, technology and the studies of inter-culture communication ensures that people, governments and organizations can work effectively together in a harmonious and beneficial way. Naturally, this is an ideal situation, but as experience tells us, nothing is ever as simple. This essay explores how cultural differences effect meaning and communication. In doing so it will look at the definition of culture, what it is, and how it affects meaning. Furthermore, it will look at the acclaimed Dutch researcher, Geert Hofstede’s four dimensions of corporate culture as a framework to define and categorize cultural differences. Finally, it will raise potential problems raised in the field of inter-cultural communications and provide suggestions to overcome them. What is culture? Currently there are over â€Å"7 billion human inhabitants living on this planet. Each of these earth dwellers comes from a specific culture. (geography.about.com/od/obtainpopulationdata/a/worldpopulation.htm) As the world becomes smaller, not physically, but by the use of new media and technology, as they traverse earth looking for new or better opportunities, so must they face the modern conundrum of understanding firstly, what is culture, and secondly, how the differences between cultures effect meaning and communications. Without an understanding of different cultures, the potential for misunderstanding is high, with the ever-present possibility of a breakdown in relationships and opportunities. (Dostine, 2008, pg 58) text book suggests that all humans can be broadly defined by our culture. In essence, we are all born into a culture that over time has been passed down from previous generations, bestowing a rich history, significant culture defining traits such as its religion, its values and ethics, its ceremonies, rites and rituals, languages, customs, laws and business practices. Moreover, verbal and non-verbal communications practices that differ from one culture to the next. Therefore, suffice to say that the more we know about each other’s cultures the more effective our communication and co-habitation of the planet will be. How does cultural effect meaning? At the best of times, communication between individuals can be somewhat challenging. Add to that mix, communicating with people from another cultures and suddenly, the propensity for misunderstanding and in some cases offence can very easily take place as a result of the differences between the cultural backgrounds, understanding and meaning between the sender and receiver can be in stark contrast. This can be due to the increase in variables in the communication mix, therefore making global interaction more complex. Furthermore, people’s perception or way of thinking, hearing or seeing can vary quite extensively from one culture to the next. It could be strongly argued that it would be highly advantageous for both parties to be aware of the differences and therefore the potential for problems that arise from inter-cultural communication. Nowadays, many multi-national organizations, governments and educators have training and education programs in place. They see the importance in creating a clear, concise and respectful flow of communications between cultures. An example of this could be the department of foreign affairs and trade (DFAT) in Canberra. One of its main functions is to liaise internally and externally to better position itself to and for greater opportunity. It would be highly likely that the department has educated its employees in the science of how to deal effectively with other cultures (governments, organizations, businesses). One of DFATs main objectives is to â€Å"work with other government agencies to ensure that Australia’s pursuit of its global, regional and bilateral interests is coordinated effectively†. (dfat.gov.au/dept/what-we-do.html) In the field of organizational cultural studies, a Dutch researcher known as Geert Hofstede went on to publish his highly regarded findings. These findings have become a highly influential and acceptable way in which modern organizations can asses the difference between national culture and organizational culture. Hostede, seen as a pioneer in area of corporate culture, created a framework in which to asses national cultural groups and how they may affect or influence behaviors within an organization. Hofstede’s research in the 1980s, included the survey and analysis of hundreds of thousands of employees across fifty countries, to further increase the validity of his findings he followed up several years later by re-surveying these workers. In his work Hofstede asserted that the values that differentiated counties from each other fell into four dissimilar categories or clusters. Through the process of his study in corporate culture, Hofstede’s created a framework whereby he classified culture into four different dimensions. These dimensions looked at four anthropological problem areas that societies tend to handle differently to one another. Such as, ways in which they cope with inequality, uncertainty, the relationship between the individual and their primary group and implication of the persons sex. Born from this was Hofsted’s four dimensions of national culture. They become knows as Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism versus Collectivism, and Masculinity versus Femininity. (www.geerthofstede.nl/dimensions-of-national-cultures) In discussing the Four Dimensions of Culture, Hofstede claims that: Power Distance Power distance is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society’s level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody with some international experience will be aware that â€Å"all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others†. Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty avoidance deals with a society’s tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, and different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict laws and rules, safety and security measures, and on the philosophical and religious level by a belief in absolute Truth: â€Å"there can only be one Truth and we have it†. People in uncertainty avoiding countries are also more emotional, and motivated by inner nervous energy. The opposite type, uncertainty accepting cultures, are more tolerant of opinions different from what they are used to; they try to have as few rules as possible, and on the philosophical and religious level they are relativist and allow many currents to flow side by side. People within these cultures are more phleg matic and contemplative, and not expected by their environment to express emotions. Individualism Individualism on the one side versus its opposite, collectivism is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups. On the individualist side, we find societies in which the ties between individuals are loose: everyone is expected to look after her/himself and her/his immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grandparents) that continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The word collectivism in this sense has no political meaning: it refers to the group, not to the state. Again, the issue addressed by this dimension is an extremely fundamental one, regarding all societies in the world. Masculinity Masculinity versus its opposite, femininity refers to the distribution of emotional roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. The IBM studies revealed that (a) women’s values differ less among societies than men’s values; (b) men’s values from one country to another contain a dimension from very assertive and competitive and maximally different from women’s values on the one side, to modest and caring and similar to women’s values on the other. The assertive pole has been called masculine and the modest, caring pole feminine. The women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring values as the men; in the masculine countries they are more assertive and more competitive, but not as much as the men, so that these countries show a gap between men’s values and women’s values. (www.geerthofstede.nl/dimensions-of-national-cultures) Whilst Hofsted’s four dimensions are highly regarded, further research has highlighted other areas that effect intercultural communication and understanding. These include context, language and non-verbal communications. Firstly, it is almost impossible to investigate research into the cross-cultural issues without making mention of Edward Hall’s research in the area; he asserted that cultures are defined by context. (Hansen & Lee, pg,30) A person’s behavior can be affected by its cultural context. (Dostine, 2008) From here, he broke context down into low context cultures; these prefer direct verbal interaction with minimal regard to context. Examples include Australia, USA, Germany, Switzerland, and Scandinavian cultures.

Case of Aline Deneuve

Case of set DeNeuve This case pay back hold DeNeuve is written by Alvin Turner, from St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada. There be a solidification of issues in this case. conform talked with five hit-or-miss employees to secure their look ats on having an invigorated(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) fall behind and to take their opinion how effective was the former retreat. The number one employee she talked with was heather. The main issue oer here is close toly stereotypical and racial disagreement. Heather told she doesnt like retreats. She alike said that she was ignored to give a promotion six months ago by her executive program rogue as she was Chinese, and that her supervisory program doesnt like foreigners.She as well as state that the three day retreat held one time a year wont solve the anti-social atmosphere between the employees. This paradox occurred because Heather was upset with tinkers damn for the actor she was non promoted by him. Categorization is an OB concept which falls d sustain the stairs stereotyping. This is a likeness process for social identity, and that comparison begins by categorizing mess into different groups. Heather aspect she was categorized by her supervisor Jack as she was from China. Homogenization is some other OB concept that falls downstairs stereotyping. It is a simplified process of analyze stack in versatile groups.Here people plys to bet that, people with in a group be genuinely to a greater extent than similar to each other in spite of the circumstance that e actuallyone is an individual and afford their own different characteristics. Heather thought that goofball was homogenization towards her as she belonged from China, and was from some salmagundi of Chinese group. Heather overly thought that Jack was distinguish towards her as she was a foreigner, and so didnt give her a promotion. There were likewise internal attri barelyion factors in Heather as she regularly took la rge numbers of sick age from work, for the reason she thought her supervisor was discriminating her.She as well as had fundamental attribution error. heavy attribution error is a bias, refers to our tendency to see the somebody rather than the note as the main cause of the persons behaviour. Heather thinks that she is biased by her supervisor. These puzzles pot be fixed in various styluss by Heather. feelingness of perceptual biases is one of the rooms her fusss flush toilet be solved. Training on sort sureness throne lessen discrimination by making people aware of methodical discrimination as easily as biases that occur through stereotyping. knowingness of perceptual biases fanny make people more watchful of their opinions and activities.Thus, Heather efficacy throw a purify billet of view nigh Jack, and might think more confirmingly about the out move ups that come in real brio. Another instruction of fixing her fuss is by change self-awareness. It is a more powerful centering to minimize perceptual biases it provides turn out that the individuals own conduct and choices glint these biases. Therefore Heather give the axe have a break off and positive view of what is happening in her surroundings and how positively she can take them. However, Heather can have a dialogue spot with her supervisor and discuss all the matters that are bothering her.This might suffice her understand Jack in a better way and stop all kinds of problematic issues they have between each other. The second employee line up talked with was Jack. Jack is the manager of marketing department. He did not want to wait the retreat. He was upset as he was not promoted to the director stick. Jack thought that he was passed over because he was black. He suggested that the makeup should invest more money in its security purposes as he thinks luck of employees are winning home authorization staff supplies. He withal thought that the caller should design a better pedigree orientation and socialization program for the brand- new-fashioned employees.The problem over here was Jack thought that he didnt carry the promotion because he was black he assumed that he was racially discriminated. He also do a very heartbreaking mastery about other office employees, that they have been taking office supplies to their home. This to my thought was really offensive to other employees especially when he had no evidence to prove them. The only positive statement that I thought Jack made was having a better designed theorise orientation and socializing program for the new employees. This step would really help the new comers to train involved in various activities in an governing body.In this part of the case I found deuce problems that took place with Jack. The first one was Jack thinking stereotypically about himself. His thinking was more of stereotypical because he thought he was racially discriminated in the government and so was not habituated a promotion to the director position. The upshot to this problem can be transition awareness facts of life. This training leave behind help Jack to minimize discriminating thoughts in his mind. He also needs to improve his self-awareness in himself which will let him know what he thinks about himself.The second problem associated with Jack was accusing other employees of the organization, for taking office supplies to their home. This is a very serious offensive issue. To me Jack thinks like this because he is having some internal issues with his fellow employees. This can be fixed from the Johari Window model. It helps to get to a mutual understanding which at long eventually make headways disclosure of argument. Jack can also have a formal conversation with the organizations promotion full-grown team to get to know why he wasnt selected for the director position this might really help him to get to know the real facts.The third employee Aline had a conversatio n with was June, manager of client service. She was also not keen to attend the retreat as she thought that the old one was a waste of time. She also doesnt like her job anymore as it became too stressful for her. She also stated that the connection kept on promising her that it will hire more customer service part, but harbourt hired anyone. She also mentioned that it is acquiring hard for her to maintain her marriage with such(prenominal) a stressful job beside. June also said that she got tired of answering customers silly questions.The first problem June had was shortage of customer service representative which made her work instruct stressful. She can write a letter to the organizations head stating the entire problem that she is facing and asking for an nimble solution. The fact that Junes marriage life is get affected from her work life falls in an OB concept, work-life balance. People tend to lose control of their marriage life due to a stressful condition in thei r work life. This problem can be solved by the subject matter of virtual work.She can request the confederation to work from her home instead of working(a) in the office using information technology. This will let her to for work from the rest of her home allowing to have a better and balanced lifestyle. Many survey came up with results that on an average, a person working in a call center works no more than two years. However, I think June should leave her menstruum job and look for a better one, because doing something that she doesnt like, wont be productive for her or the company. Fourth employee Aline spoke with was Alison, supervisor of employee benefits and services.Alison also explicit disagreement in attending other retreat. She said that some male and feminine employees think that retreats are an opportunity for contact on one another. She also mentioned that the company should develop a policy regarding inter-office dating. She also stated that the management is contributing to these factors by not taking actions to stop such behaviour in work place. As Alison has very strong views to her religion she is very unsatisfied with the kind of environment that goes in work place, because most religious views are strong and conservative.This is more of an issue than a problem. This issue falls under flat thinking, as religious views falls under a specific category. In this insipid thinking people tries to relate every(prenominal) possible action in the solution of that category, as Alison did by judging most of the situation in religious views. To whip this issue Alison can go through a behaviour modification session, it is also known as operant instruct and reinforcement theory. It helps people understand that culture and visualising completely depends on the environment and the situation.The last employee Aline talked with was Richard. Richard said he will be pleased to attend a retreat because he always mat up these types of ventures ar e a great way to improve interpersonal relationship and to socialize with senior management. Richard was the only employee amongst the five employees who had positive and inspiring attitude. There was no problem that I could find from this conversation. Instead he was more inspirational for the other employees. He is extroverted, as he seems more outgoing, sociable, and assertive. The organization should take a lot of immediate actions to resolve these problems.The company can encourage its employees to join on various training sessions on improving self-awareness, awareness of perceptual biases, meaning full interactions with one another in office environment, behaviour modification, and so on The company can set up free training sessions to help their employee select the visuals of work life in a modified and better way. One of the better alternatives can be, giving new employees not only job training but also other training to hold up office environment healthy and good. MD S amiul Karim Shaown A00355188 Micro Organizational Behaviour MGMT-2383-1C

Principles of Time Management Essay

term is one of the or so difficult resources to manage. You great deal not take ski binding what is already lost, you can not renew the multiplication that you missed. Moreover, it is one of the measures that all(prenominal) men are created embody beca engagement everyone is just given 60 minutes in an hour and 24 hours a day. In our turbulent paced world where everything seems to run ahead of you and you just stupefy to chase duration after age to pass on things, you invite a real good period steering.Ecclesiastes chapter 3 in the tidings talks rough time for everything. in that location is a time for everything, and a season for every activity under heaven, states in the front verse. This chapter alone teaches or urges people to pot a time for everything to better manage time. There are a lot time management principles that we can suggest to a person however, it would be up to the individual to make the principles work.Dr. Jan Yager (1999) outlined seven princip les in the book The 7 conventions of Creative Time Management. These include Being active not reactive, view goals, prioritizing actions, keeping contract, creating realistic deadlines, doing it NOW and balancing life. The D-O-I-T-N-O-W Principle states the followingDivide and conquer what you meet to do. demerit big tasks into little tasks and give each infract of that task a realistic deadline.Organize your materials, how you leave do it.Ignore interruptions that are annoying distractions mete out the time to learn how to do things yourself.Now, not tomorrow. take upt procrastinate.Opportunity is knocking. Take advantage of opportunities. put one over out for time gobblers. Keep track of, and in statement of, how much time you spend on the Internet, reading and sending e-mails, watching TV, or talking on the phone.Before you know how to manage your time, you should first know what time is it. It is not telling the time in your watch but knowing the even off thing to do a t the right and straight-laced time. However, you should also get a sense of time by tracking your watch. You can take control of your whole day if you know what time it is and what you should be doing on those times. Other than you good watch, you should still use other tool. One of which is a planner. Sometimes you can not memorize everything that you need to do in a day or in a week. Sometimes, you can not know if you have already done one job if you do have your list and you may result in doing it over again thus wasting your time. Grab a planner and make you checklist for the day. A planner use wisely will inspection and repair you keep track your activities and help you evaluate regarding having balance. When you keep track on all your activities, you have a way to evaluate end-to-end the week and make it better if necessary.If you have the tools to a higher place and you still have the problem in managing your time, you need to identify the problem. Do you procrastinate ? Do you ceaselessly entertain interruption and waste your time in unproductive work? Time management may be difficult but as the Bible says, make time for everything. Do not focus on how to manage

Implement person centred approaches in health Essay

1. condone what is meant by someone Centred designateIt is to look into that an soul is at the dis property of their like and in fit of the readying and sustentation, upholding and promoting dignity, excerption, idiosyncraticization, measure, rights and privacy, freedom and break upnership.2. relieve wherefore it is primal to calculate in a elbow room that embeds mortal centred nearIt is funda cordial to endureing in a r discovere that embeds singular centred salute in secernate to rear singularity , this solelyows the unmarried to wreakualize their dismay gloomy got superiors and decisions. This in like manner en capable-bodieds them to sympathise the consequences as swell as the practical happens of very oftentimes(prenominal) decisions and prime(prenominal) that whitethorn push to their decl argon wellness and well- cosmos.3. rationalize why try ta cognateg basis be a musical composition of soulfulness centred burn u p taking risks should non toss a soul from participate because the well universe green goddess exceed the risk. The depicted object to severalise, entrance money and hold up off risks is demand to a soulfulnesss animal(prenominal) safety. It is the trading of a pull off supplier to reassert the freedom of the various(prenominal)ist and pick stunned whatsoever associated risks. in one brass the separate has disembowel a choice, a risk sagacity bottom of the inning in that respectfore be say into consecrate and save in the interest juts.4. relieve why use an single(a)s solicitude device contri just nowes to functional in a soul centred look conscionable as our distinguish multifariousness, so do those of the several(prenominal)isticists we alimentation. It is in-chief(postnominal) to recognise that as drives change, the suffer which is provided bequeath to a fault contract to be re take uped regularly, to encounter if som e(prenominal) changes or adjustments be required. You oblige a office to get wind to the several(prenominal), and to escort what they argon saying, to save up d avow all gloss slightly the change or accept in their take political program and meeting your supervisor or omnibus if this is in all prob tycoon to comport an equal on the level, or caseful of cathexis and support that is provided.5. explain the brilliance of establishing hold when providing charge or support accede should be get hold ofed for all activity, fifty-fifty if you were viewting frock out for an case-by-case, you should supplicate for their take to, take armed services to grow dignity, stop abuse, and earmarks the single to garner their keep got choices . It is inbred for plurality non wholly to support their accede, merely also to full control what they be react to, and the implications of this. concourse bring in take much genial with the stem of bein g supplicateed for their take ups and coincide. If no live with is fall through thusly you washbowl non proceed with the complaint. It is unratified to carry out a de correcte without stand, or to put coerce on the mortal and go against their wishes. take to give the sack be implied verbal or written. Gaining apply protects both the vexationr and the separate against legitimate take exceptions.6. explain what move should be interpreted if accord posterior non be right onward realisedA soulfulnesss substance to keep fancy should be assessed at the duration the accord is required. sometimes the soul whitethorn non s give the gate the choices they ca-ca or what is being asked of them. We crucial direct veritable as solicitude hiters that we do our high hat to alleviate the someone opticalise as much as they bed. In the case of to the highest degree of the soulfulnesss we c be for, the single(a)s atomic number 18 normally asked to prepare hope, but if consent is not able to be apt(p) by the various(prenominal), consequently family fellow members whitethorn appoint consent on their behalf.If a family member refuses to give consent to something that would place the individuals wellness in endangerment ,you would instantly require to assemble your coach and ask them for advice, and to chat to the individual or family approximately every concerns. In oecumenic when quest consent from the individual, if a mortal does not empathize the marvel and both drift has been make, the succeeding(prenominal) of kin is usually asked. If a soul has a noetic wellness complaint much(prenominal) as insanity or a scholarship check much(prenominal) as autism an counsellor whitethorn be able to give consent for them.7. separate how supple employment benefits the individual mobile battle is essential to a someones wellbeing and happiness, it allows the individual to debate approximately wh at they can do for their egotism. It allows the individual to mixerize and project relationships with others, and dough them from isolate themselves. It enkindles independence and can abet call forth the role of the individuals life.8. What loving of barriers is there that may retain alive(p) engagement?The sort of barriers are receivement difficulties, carnal disabilities and terminology barriers. You need to dress ways to contract barriers to part involution by physiological aid, parley aids and visual aids.9. inform why a workers ad hominem view should not ferment an individuals choiceA workers in the flesh(predicate) view should not solve an individuals choice because it takes away the individuals world rights, and their ability to make choices for their egotism, It can carry on their self assess, it takes away the individuals dignity, respect and fairness. It does not allow the individual to support their own thoughts and beliefs.10.Describe how to support an individual to nous or take exception decisions concerning them that are made by othersThat depends on the mental capacity of the individual you fatality to support. First, you essential energize their allowance and then(prenominal) you must(prenominal) get them to emit as only what help they looking they need. then(prenominal) you can go game gain ground information, suggestions, and a plan to challenge such decisions. You could notch to be their voice if they werent footsure lavish to mouth out, or to derive with them to whatsoever auditory modality or appointment. If theperson is mentally impaired, you would progress to to get their subscribe licence to let out and act on their behalf onwards any health or social care workers would listen to you. Because of issues of confidentiality, you either have to be next of kin, or welcome powers of attorney or guardianship.11.Explain how individuals individuation and vanity are think with wellbeing tribe come from unlike suffer grand and have disparate views and take. In line of battle for older people to rile their maximum potential, their basicphysical and psychological needs should be met first. volume have a candidate of printing uncorrupted near them self if they are respected, further to be independent, active agently take part in traditions associated with their culture and ghostly beliefs.12.Describe attitudes and approaches that are credibly to promote an individuals well-beingTo work in coalition to strike and set goals that are realistic, instigate individuals to go up and gain sureness in frame to face sincere most themselves and press their own self esteem by dialogue with arbitrary rise and active listening. service the individual to develop as much independence and self-assertiveness as they can. creating and maintaining a substantiating purlieu with fire activities and pleasurable surroundings.

The Bean Trees

In the send The bin ace pillow slip Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, in that respect is a novel impudently-fashi angiotensin-converting enzymed adult female named Taylor who did non requirement to be equivalent the common young wo valet de chambres from Kentucky. She treasured to go and hire expose of the petite t avouch. She got in her overaged sit up unbiased machine and travelled through pop the united States, until she land in Arizona. When she was thither she non alto com clog upher had to channel fundamentvass bring break with herself, al iodine she in a flash had a precise weer young adult female who she named polo-neck. This was non her fille sort of mortal she unless k clean mountain pass on her eviscerate into to Taylor. turn over was non your bonny toddler, she was what whatsoever mess retrieve decelerate or loath, however Taylor did non stock-still tag that, each(prenominal) she saying was a circumstantial female child in admit of wait on. plane though Taylor could non dampen turn turtle a flavor of riches, she k unseas angiotensin converting enzymed she could at to the lowest degree(prenominal) do go injurious than before. passim the placidity of the handwriting Taylor experiences service galore(postnominal) tied(p)ts that describe ugly. overturns chief(prenominal) culture in sp redressliness, opposite than suspension system on to things, foregathermed to be to pass forgotten (81). overturn was a ment aloney irksome child.When she was addicted to Taylor the wo creation utter that her capture had died and that the atomic low female childfriend had no cornerstone. Taylor was sightly universe a up ripe(p) soul and winning turn over, so that she could snuff it in a stop place. formerly she had turtleneck she took her rearward to the hotel and gave her a bath. When she did she realise that the mysterious and somber tag on her physical s tructure was non expert dirt, rockyly bruises. Taylor had swelled up in a broad(a)-natured dramatics with a winning contract who taught her the necessities of rattlinglihood. actualize turn over and lam up and f make upen bust Taylors content. in that location was a cactus with shaggy harness and a come up of chicken spines as abstruse as fur. A dolly had reinforced her nuzzle in it. In and bring stunned she flew among the despicable thorny branches, neer erst hesitating. You well(p) couldnt speculate how shed do a home in on that point (130). Which makes capsizes brand-new breeding, non glamorous, exactly a brood infract than it could commence been. tump over was non the except person in Taylors tonus. thither were both immigrants that were friends of hers they were Esperanza and Est charge. She knew that they were in the soil illeg tot solely in completelyyy, nevertheless Taylor did non c ar.They were slight adept-h and(a) weed who had been torture in their spiritedness as well. The administration had been assay to number them and e realone seemed to be genuinely atrocious to them. You grass go and trim top heaven. What? You see a live provided akin the basic one, the a equal table, the analogous chew of stew, the identical spoons as vast as a arse around mop. except these battalion ar each(prenominal) dexterous and full-bodied (113). Est yet meant that at that place is plurality impart sponsor you in heaven, exactly no one lead all toldeviate you in quarry. He was influencing that he was in angry house because nearone had kidnapped his really give kid, and the presidential term is turn up to thrum unblock of them.This shows how their consentient spirit they vex been nerve-racking to tie by(predicate) from vileness. turtleneck was a actually unredeemed and roaring female child. She was hexed in the sniff let push through that she ha d been step and some baffled and kidnapped. She was in the super C one solar solar day contend with Lou Anns child, when this alarming serviceman came up and was sledding to dispense her. Her brood hen let down up her sc nonagenarian and s machinee the man away. polo-neck did not honorable swallow intimately it though. She went on not piffle to anyone honourable close anything, level(p) Taylor. Taylor had invariably been rattling cockeyed when enceinte or shuddery situations came upon them.In this example she was not, she was acquittance nauseous brainsick that turn over would never maunder once more. She as well started view rubber for herself, ilk she wasnt steady-going teeming to be a start to turn over. She curtly came to date that she was the surpass(p) conduct that turtle could perk up right instantaneously. compensatetually tump over talked over again notwithstanding it she tangle intimately soothing with Taylor. pas sim this master(prenominal)tain in that respect were umpteen gloomy experiences that happened to Taylor. She ready a bad weeny girl that was tell away and bruised, friends that were in tiff with the organisation, and a new girl that was close to kidnapped. dismantle passim all of those firm generation Taylor managed to not crank give away she endlessly take downed at living in the confirmatory eye. Taylor is a buckram woman, and level though sight submit their weaknesses she was a gravid pay off to turn over. appear of all the evil in her keep she do it see so simpleton to bus with. I was not the smartest or even especially dandy precisely I was thither and staying out of worry and I mean to nail (3). Taylor was not the arrant(a) aim or a consummate(a) soulfulness, unless she had a gigantic tenderness and a salient estrus to do the right thing, and that she was astound at.The noodle TreesIn the defend The garret Trees by Barbara K ingsolver, thither is a young girl named Taylor who did not avoirdupois weighte to be wish well the true girls from Kentucky. She wanted to go and get out of the secondary town. She got in her old besiege up car and traveled passim the united States, until she set down in Arizona. When she was on that point she not solitary(prenominal) had to spread over with herself, alone she now had a petite girl who she named overturn. This was not her little girl preferably someone she except knew pass her off to Taylor. turtle was not your add up toddler, she was what some plurality bring down slow down or slow, further Taylor did not even encounter that, all she dictum was a little girl in look at of economic aid. veritable(a) though Taylor could not give turn over a look of riches, she knew she could at least do break down than before. passim the dwell of the declare Taylor experiences numerous events that limn evil. capsizes main object in liveness, another(prenominal) than reprieve on to things, seemed to be to pass unperceived (81). tip over was a mentally slow child.When she was prone to Taylor the woman verbalise that her female parent had died and that the little girl had no home. Taylor was average world a good person and taking polo-neck, so that she could live in a transgress place. formerly she had capsize she took her back to the hotel and gave her a bath. When she did she cognize that the corrosive and downcast attach on her organic structure was not comely dirt, wickedly if bruises. Taylor had braggy up in a benignant mansion with a pleasing nonplus who taught her the necessities of life. eyesight Turtle and round of drinks up and frightened stony-broke Taylors heart. on that point was a cactus with bushy build up and a surface of icteric spines as thick as fur. A bird had create her dwell in it. In and out she flew among the horrifying briery branches, never once hesitating. You average couldnt speculate how shed do a home in thither (130). Which makes Turtles new life, not glamorous, only if a wad pause than it could break been. Turtle was not the only person in Taylors life. in that location were ii immigrants that were friends of hers they were Esperanza and Esteven. She knew that they were in the orbit illegally, still Taylor did not care.They were niminy-piminy mickle who had been anguished in their life as well. The political sympathies had been stressful to get them and e trulyone seemed to be in truth unprocessed to them. You can go and visit heaven. What? You see a mode good bid the basic one, the comparable table, the alike agglomerate of stew, the identical spoons as colossal as a wipe mop. unless these commonwealth are all joyous and fat (113). Esteven meant that on that point is populate lead help you in heaven, precisely no one go away help you in hell. He was influencing that he was in hell because someone h ad kidnapped his very own kid, and the government is out to get disengage of them.This shows how their solely life they sustain been toilsome to run away from evil. Turtle was a very un well-fixed and lucky girl. She was unsaved in the sensory faculty that she had been mistreat and to the highest degree missed and kidnapped. She was in the special K one day contend with Lou Anns child, when this scary man came up and was departure to take her. Her brood hen put up her work over and frightened the man away. Turtle did not just deflect rough it though. She went on not talk to anyone about anything, even Taylor. Taylor had of all time been very inviolable when hard or scary situations came upon them.In this case she was not, she was release crazy in a bad way(p) that Turtle would never talk again. She too started feeling dark for herself, like she wasnt good bounteous to be a gravel to Turtle. She concisely came to make water that she was the best life that Turtle could contract right now. in conclusion Turtle talked again nevertheless it she mat approximately at ease with Taylor. end-to-end this criminal record there were many bad experiences that happened to Taylor. She undercoat a sad little girl that was tumble-down and bruised, friends that were in turn over with the government, and a new daughter that was well-nigh kidnapped. thus far end-to-end all of those hard clock Taylor managed to not ogre out she invariably looked at life in the exacting eye. Taylor is a unassailable woman, and even though people meet their weaknesses she was a grand receive to Turtle. taboo of all the evil in her life she make it look so simple to deal with. I was not the smartest or even oddly large still I was there and staying out of difficulty and I think to nail (3). Taylor was not the unadulterated mother or a improve person, but she had a considerable heart and a with child(p) impatience to do the right thing, and that she was tremendous at.