Hippa Violations Essay

A staff defend working at a medical clinic looked up a patient load in order to weaken a lawsuit case the patient had against the nurses husband. She gave the tuition to her husband who then called the patient and made it known that he had medical information which he believed diminished the mans case. He suggested that the man consider dropping the lawsuit. The patient called and informed the clinic what the nurse had done. He also called the district attorney and within a month both the husband and the nurse was indicted.The nurse was also fired the day after the she gave the information to her husband. The nurse pleaded out and is awaiting sentencing. She faces up to 10 historic period in prison, a fine of as much as $250,000, and up to three years of administrate probation. The state nursing board is seeking to revoke her license. The nurse had no right to look up the patient information and she certainly had no right to share the information with her husband. She effective ly ruined her life story along with her husbands. If she was worried about the lawsuit, there were other ways to go about get help.They could acquire hired a good lawyer to help. She put her entire clinic in jeopardy for self-seeking reasons. The clinic handled the situation perfectly. They fired the nurse on the spot as soon as the breach was brought to put down and held a meeting to educate employees on the importance of HIPAA and what could happen if it is violated. I do feel down(p) for the nurse because she was dealing with so much stress but she deserves what she gets. She had other options available to her and shouldnt have looked up that information.

Effect of Temperature on Catalase

Lab incubate The feat of temperature on the chemical response between Catalase and H2O2 Sarah AlShemesi In this experiment well be exploring the effects of temperature on the reaction between Catalase and H2O2. Well be utilise five different temperatures to establish this. The five different temperatures will be 10, 30, 50, 70 and 90 oC. We will subprogram the coloured as a source of Catalase. A 1 gram piece of liver-colored will be inserted into a test furnish with 2 cm3 of body of water, then(prenominal) 2 cm3 of H2O2 will be added.The Catalase and H2O2 atomic number 18 expected to react and result in bubbles and a turf out in the settlement. If the bubbles form and the source rises quickly then this suggests that the enzymes are working sufficiently and the nearing the optimum temperature. investigating question What is the effect of the different temperatures 10 oC, 30 oC, 50 oC, 70 oC and 90 oC on the reaction between Catalase found in liver and H2O2 and what wil l be the Catalases optimum temperature? Variables * Independent in agreeable Temperature in oC Dependant variable the tip of the solution, measured with a ruler in cm. * Controlled variables mass of liver, intensiveness of water, volume of H2O2, method of pouring H2O2 into the liver/water solution. * The mass of the liver was controlled by measuring stick the liver pieces after theyve been cut to ensure that each is 1 gram only. * Volume of water was controlled by measuring 2 cm3 using the equal 10 cm3 measuring cylinder. * Volume of H2O2 was controlled by measuring 2 cm3 of it using the same 10 cm3 measuring cylinder. The method of pouring the H2O2 into the liver/water solution was kept consistent by having the same person pour it in every time at the same pronounce speed. Materials * Liver * H2O2 60 cm3 * 1 Ruler ( cm ) * Water 60 cm3 * 12 Test tubes * 2 Tongue * 2 Measuring cylinder 10 cm3 * 2 Droppers * 1 Beaker 100 cm3 * A domain of ice cubes * 1 Knife * 1 etna Burner * 1 Glass rod * 1 digital balance * 3 Thermometers ( oC ) Method 1. Cut the liver into twenty five pieces using the knife, use the digital balance to ensure that each piece of liver weighs 1 gram only. 2. Place each liver piece in an individual test tube. 3.Use the 10 cm3 measuring cylinder to measure 2 cm3 ( this metre of H2O was chosen so that when the H2O2 is added the solution can bubble and rise without spilling out of the test tube ) of H2O and add that amount of water to the test tube containing the piece of liver. 4. Place ice cubes at the bottom of the 100 cm3 beaker till the base of it is completely covered. 5. Place the previously menti unityd test tube ( containing the water/liver solution) into the beaker holding it up at the center as you or your partner continue to select the beaker with ice cubes till the test tube is completely submerged in ice and only the outmatch is not. . Continuously measure the temperature of the solution. 7. When the solution reaches the te mperature of 10 oC, remove the test tube from the beaker filled with ice and answer step 8 immediately. 8. Add 2 cm3 of H2O2, wait for the solution to react and for the bubbles to rise and then use your cm ruler to measure the bloom of the solution after it has risen and note the height down. 9. For the new(prenominal) t completelyys you must heat your solution rather than cool it down. To do so, prepare your liver/water solution with the same dimensions as before. 0. Light up the Bunsen Burner to a soft flame. 11. Use the tongues to hold one test tube over the flame, you must move the test tube continuously to avoid impetuous or over estrus and you must also measure the temperature of the solution continuously till it reaches the desired temperature for that trial either 30 oC, 50 oC, 70 oC or 90 oC. 12. When the solution reaches the desired temperature quickly absorb step 8. 13. Repeat the procedure five times for each temperature to produce five trials.Data collected on the effect of Temperature on the reaction between Catalase and H2O2 This Date shows the temperature, the final height of the solution in the test tube after it rose and the change in height collapsen that the initial height for all is 1. 4 cm. bill of solution ( cm 0. 1 ) Temperatures ( oC 0. 5 ) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Mean of change Final height Change in height Final height Change In height Final height Change in height Final apex Change in Height Final Height Change in height 10 2. 1 0. 7 2. 3 0. 2. 2 0. 8 2. 4 1. 0 2. 3 0. 9 0. 9 30 2. 6 1. 2 2. 7 1. 3 3. 0 1. 6 2. 8 1. 4 2. 6 1. 2 1. 3 50 3. 1 1. 7 3. 2 1. 8 3. 3 1. 9 3. 1 1. 7 3. 4 2. 0 1. 8 70 2. 5 1. 1 2. 4 1. 0 2. 6 1. 2 2. 7 1. 3 2. 4 1. 0 1. 1 90 1. 4 0. 0 1. 4 0. 0 1. 4 0. 0 1. 4 0. 0 1. 4 0. 0 0. 0 Uncertainties were calculated by finding the lowest unit of the measuring equipment and then dividing it by two. For example the lowest unit of measuring on the thermometer is 1, to calculate the unce rtainty 1 / 2 = 0. 5 So the uncertainty is 0. However in the case of height, were using both ends to measure so we dont divide by two. So since the smallest measuring unit is 0. 1 cm the uncertainty is 0. 1 control panel 2 Standard Deviation of each trial Temperature ( oC ) StandardDeviation ( cm) of Data 10 0. 10. 1 30 0. 149 50 0. 116 70 0. 116 90 0. 000 The standard deviation was calculated using a TI-83 GDC. The steps were the following 1. STAT reduce Edit 1 2. Enter the variables ( In this case, the change in height in the different trials of the same temperature ) under L1. . STAT CALC 1-Var Stats to view the values. 4. Standard deviation is displayed as Sx. The standard deviation will be employ on the graph to indicate how much results may deviate from the collected selective information. I could further process my data using the T-test or the Chi squared test to see whether there is a unaccented correleational link between temperature and height of the solution o f water/liver after it reacts with H2O2. However, I will ascertain this correlational link through the following graph Temperature of Liver/Water solution ( oC 0. 5)Change in Height of the Liver/Water solution after H2O2 was added. ( 0. 1 cm) The trend line is polynomial ( Order 3 ) so it shows the predicted heights of the liver/water solution after H2O2 is added against the temperatures. Conclusion Our data shows that the enzymatic action mechanism of Catalase varied depending on temperature. At 10 oC the activity decreased because the Catalase molecules moved slower consequently resulting in less collision with the H2O2 molecules. In the temperature 30 o C we find that the activity increases slightly because the molecules are colliding more often.However we notice that at the temperature 50 oC the activity is the highest and has significantly rose above the others. This suggests that at the temperature of 50 oC Catalase is most sufficient it is the optimum temperature. The tr end lines curve also supports that since the curve is highest at 50 oC. At 70 oC the activity decreases and the solution rises almost as high as it did at the temperature of 30 oC, this is due to the enzymes denaturing because of the high temperature. At 90 oC we observed no reaction whatsoever because all the enzymes had denatured.Our graph was very similar to the one found in the Pearson Baccalaureate SL Biology book that displayed the effect of temperature on Catalase activity. They both exhibited a steady rise followed by a steep decrease, as the temperatures got higher. My data and graph also clearly suggest that the optimum temperature for Catalase is around 50 oC while an experiment conducted by Arefan Khan concluded that 40 oC is the optimum temperature for Catalase (Effect of Temperature on Catalase Enzyme, pg1).The different results may be because I had king-size intervals of temperature I did not test for the effect of 40 oC on Catalase, which is why my results are close r to 50 oC. Evaluation Error 1 -Step incisive the liver Weakness the liver wasnt frozen and so the cutting was not very accurate. This resulted in us cutting small pieces of liver to complete 1 gm, thus resulting in different surface areas for different trials and temperatures. This may affected the experiment by exposing more Catalase to the H2O2 in some trials than others.Improvement Make sure the liver is frozen and can be easily cut so that all trials receive liver with roughly the same surface area. Error 2 -Step Using the Bunsen Burner to heat the solution to the desired temperature. Weakness the temperature of the solution continued to rise even after heating was stopped. Improvement Using an electric water bath and setting it to the different desired temperatures to heat the liver and water solution to ensured that temperature is constant. Error 3 -Step Using the Bunsen Burner to heat the solution to the desired temperature.Weakness The thermometers temperature might have a ffected the temperature of the solution when it was inserted into it to measure its temperature. For example the thermometer is at room temperature and is inserted into solution be heated to 70 oC, the solution might haven risen above that, til now when the thermometer is inserted, it cools down the solution and gives a temperature of 70 oC. Improvement Keeping the thermometer inside the solution as it is heating or cooling, however it must be ensured that it does not touch the bottom of the test tube as that may give false temperatures.

Ethernet as a Network Topology

Ethernet is the most widely used net income topology. You chamberpot choose amid bus and star topologies, and coaxial, twisted-pair, or fiber optical cabling. But with the right connective equipment, multiple Ethernet-based LANs (local subject argona net whole kit) can be linked to exhausther no matter which topology and/or cabling system they use. In fact, with the right equipment and software program, raze Token Ring, Apple Talk, and telegramless LANs can be connected to Ethernet.The access method Ethernet uses is CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection). In this method, multiple workstation access a contagion medium (Multiple Access) by lis tennering until no signals are chanceed (Carrier Sense). Then they transmit and check to await if to a greater extent than(prenominal) than one signal is present (Collision Detection). Each station attempts to transmit when it believes the internet is free. If on that point is a collision, each station att empts to retransmit after a preset delay, which is different for each workstation.Collision sensing is an essential part of the CSMA/CD access method. Each transmitting workstation trains to be able to detect that synchronal (and therefore data-corrupting) transmission has taken place. If a collision is detected, a jam signal is propagated to alone nodes. Each station that detects the Collision leave alone wait some period of time and thence evidence again.The two possible topologies for Ethernet are bus and star. The bus is the simplest (and the traditional) topology. Standard Ethernet (10BASE5) and Thin Ethernet (1OBASE2), both based on coaxial cable systems, use the bus.Twisted-Pair Ethernet (10BASE-T), based on unshielded twisted pair, and Fiberoptic Ethernet (FOIRL and 10BASE-FL), based on fiberoptic cable, use the star.In the following document we will try to explain what switched, ready and Gigabit Ethernet are and make comparison of these three.LAN segments can be int erconnected using bridges or routers. This works well when the merchandise in the midst of segments is not high up, besides the interconnecting devices can become bottlenecks as the inter-segment traffic increases. Until recently, there were few ways to all(prenominal)eviate this problem.Now, however, a sore class of interconnect products has emerged that can boost bandwidth on everywhereburdened, traditional LANs while working with conventional cabling and adapters. These are k at one timen as LAN switches and are in stock(predicate) for Ethernet, token ring, and FDDI.Switching engineering is convince magnitude the efficiency and quicken of interlocks. This technology is making current systems more than powerful, while at the same time facilitating the migration to turbulenter mesh topologys. Understanding this technology is important only then can we design and implement switched mesh topologys from the ground up.Switching directs network traffic in a actually eff icient manner it sends information directly from the port of origin to only its destination port. Switching increases network cognitive process, enhances flexibility and eases moves, adds and replaces. Switching establishes a direct line of communication between two ports and maintains multiple simultaneous links between various ports. It proficiently manages network traffic by reducing media sharing traffic is contained to the segment for which it is destined, be it a server, power drug user or workgroup.It is a address-effective technique for increasing the overall network throughput and reducing congestion on a 10-Mbps network. Other than the addition of the switching hub, the Ethernet network awaits the same the same network interface cards, the same client software, the same LAN cabling. on that point are three prefatorial types of switches on the market at this time. They all perform the same basic function of dividing a large network into smaller sub-networks, however the manner in which they work internally is different. The types are k presentlyn as Store and Forward, press cutting by means of, and Hybrid. A description of each type is depictn on a lower floorA Store and Forward switch ope place much as its name implies first it stores each entranceway frame in a buffer, checks it for errors, and if the frame is good it then forwards it to its destination port.A Cut Through switch operates differently than a Store and Forward type. In a Cut Through switch, the switch begins forwarding the frame immediately upon recieving the Destination Address.A Hybrid switch is an attempt to get the best of both Store and Forward switches and Cut Through switches. A Hybrid switch ordinarily operates in Cut Through mode, but constantly monitors the rate at which invalid or shamed frames are forwarded.Designing A Switched Ethernet NetworkDesigning a switched Ethernet network is actually a jolly straightforward process. The first step is to evaluate the t raffic operate through you expect each user or group of users to generate.Analysis of the network will most wantly find that you fill a large number of users who are not going to place a heavy load on the network, and a smaller number of users who will place a large load on the network. We now group the Undemanding Users together on a hub and connect each hub to a switch port. Our more demanding users will usually be either directly connected to the switch, or if they are on hubs, fewer of them will be sharing each switch port than on the Undemanding User portion. nonpareil point which should be kept in mind regarding the design of a switched network is that traffic patterns divert by user and time. therefore, just taking a snapshot of network usage patterns may travel to the wrong conclusions and result in a design, which is not optimal. It is always advisable to monitor usage patterns over a period of several days to a week to decide how to allocate network bandwidth optimal ly. Also, in almost all cases, a process of trial and error may be required to richly optimize the design. It is most important to get a switch that doesnt drop frames. Latency is a concern, but take it with a grain of salt. It will not make that much of a difference. Deciding between cut-through and store-and-forward depends on the application. Time-sensitive applications may need the former. Multimedia stations need dedicated switched ports. Most switch implementations comprise of a switch with many stations (demand) and few servers (resources). It is best to keep a 11 ratio between demand and resource. Or, as mentioned earlier, increase the number of access pipes to the resource. (i.e., multiple lines into one server) baseline your network prior to installing switches to determine the percentage of bad frames that already exist on the network. RMON (Remote Monitor) force embedded in switch ports is may be approachly, but it may save time and funds in the long run. Certain s witches put up a flow control mechanism known as back pressure. This spoofs collision detection gory into thinking there is a collision and subsequently shifting to a back-off algorithm. This throttles back the sending station from transmitting any further data until the back-off process is complete. Switches with this feature need to be placed into the network carefully.What is carbonbaseT and Why is It Important?100baseT, also known as Fast Ethernet, is plainly a new version of Ethernet that runs at 100 million bits per second, which is ten propagation the speed of the brisk Ethernet standard. 100baseT is becoming very popular because networks need more bandwidth due to more users and to demanding applications like graphics and networked databases. In fact, for many applications, standard Ethernet is simply too slow. For this reason, most experts believe that 100baseT will eclipse Ethernet as the controlling standard for Local Area Networks (LANs) during the next few years .A major benefit of all variants of 100baseT is software compatibility with standard Ethernet. This means that virtually all vivacious operational systems and application programs can take emolument of 100baseT capabilities without modification.One way fast Ethernet helps network managers make incremental upgrades at relatively low cost is by supporting most wiring and cabling media. The 100-Mbit/s specification can run over the division 3 and Category 5 wiring already in place. It also runs over fiber optic cabling already installed.Fast Ethernet offers three media options 100Base-T4 for half-duplex operation on four pairs of Category 3 UTP (unshielded twisted pair) or Category 5 UTP, 100Base-TX for half- or full-duplex operation on two pairs of data-grade Category 5 UTP or s.t.p. (shielded twisted pair), and 100Base-FX for half- or full-duplex transmission over fiber optic cable (the specification should be complete by years end). As with other high-speed LAN technologies, fa st Ethernet operates most efficiently on higher-grade media, such(prenominal) as Category 5 cabling or fiber.For Category 3-based installations, the 100Base-T4 media option uses four pairs of Category 3 UTP cabling. information is transmitted on three pairs of wires, utilizing standard 8B/6T coding, which allows a lower signal frequency and decreases electromagnetic emissions. However, because the 100Base-T 4 standard uses the three pairs of wires for both transmission and reception, a 100Base-T4 network cannot accommodate full-duplex operation, which requires simultaneous dedication of wire pairs to transmission and reception.Work is still in progress on 100Base-FX fast Ethernet over fiber, but trials show it to be stable and capable of sustained 100-Mbit/s throughput at distances over 100 meters. Essentially, as a second means of transmitting data over fiber, 100Base-FX will be an alternative to FDDI. Moreover, because it will support full-duplex operation, 100Base-FX has the pot ential to become a substantial backbone technology.100BASE-T Fast Ethernet represents the best choice for customers interested in high speed networking for many reasons.There are 40 million 10 Mbps (Mega-bit per second) Ethernet users in the instauration today. 100BASE-T technology has evolved from this 10 Mbps world. By keeping the essential characteristics of the Ethernet technology (known as CSMA/CD) unchanged in the 100Mbit world, customers and installers can benefit from the body of Ethernet expertise developed over the years.The Ethernet industry expects that 100BASE-T will offer ten multiplication the performance for twice the price of 10BASE-T. This improvement is make possible by advances in integrated circuit chip technology. As chips get smaller, they run faster, use less energy and are cheaper to produce. Early Ethernet controllers were made in 1.2 micron chips. State-of-the-art technology uses 0.45 micron chips. This represents an almost eight-fold reduction in chip si ze.100BASE-T technology offers unparalleled ease of migration. You can decide how fast to upgrade, in what steps and stages, without massive fork-lift upgrades. Most 100BASE-T network cards will run as 10BASE-T and 100BASE-T cards. You will be able to buy cards now and run them at 10BASE-T speeds. Later when you are ready to upgrade to 100BASE-T you will not need to change your network cards.100BASE-T is widely supported by many different companies. These include networking, systems, semiconductor, computer, integrator and research companies. many another(prenominal) of these companies have been supporting the industry effort through the Fast Ethernet Alliance. Wide support is essential for network users, ensuring a ready supply of interoperable products at competitive prices.The transmission systems of the 100BASE-T standard have high data integrity. It was shown that if 100 million 100BASE-T networks were run at maximum speed it would take over a billion times the age of the univ erse before there would be an undetected error. These error rates are significantly better than for 10BASE-T, Token Ring and FDDI.Recently, PC LAN adapter card manufacturers like 3Com and SMC have made very aggressive moves to further accelerate the adoption of 100baseT by pricing their 100baseTX products at only a slight premium compared to their standard Ethernet products. For example, a 3Com 100baseTX card is priced at $149, compared to $129 for their Ethernet card. Because virtually all 100baseTX cards also support 10baseT, this means that customers are being encouraged to buy the 100baseT capability even if they dont need it today. In other words, you can buy the 100baseTX card today and use it on your living 10baseT network when you upgrade your network to 100baseTX, you wont have to throw away your adapter cards. By all accounts, this dodge has been very successful.Gigabit Ethernet is an extension of the highly successful 10Mbps (10Base-T) Ethernet and 100Mbps (100Base-T) Fa st Ethernet standards for network connectivity. IEEE has given approval to the Gigabit Ethernet project as the IEEE 802.3z Task Force.Gigabit Ethernet is fully compatible with the huge installed base of Ethernet and Fast Ethernet nodes. The original Ethernet specification was defined by the frame format and support for CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) protocol, full duplex, flow control, and management objects as defined by the IEEE 802.3 standard. Gigabit Ethernet will employ all of these specifications.In short, Gigabit Ethernet is the same Ethernet that managers already know and use, but 10 times faster than Fast Ethernet and 100 times faster than Ethernet. It also supports additional features that accommodate todays bandwidth-hungry applications and match the increasing power of the server and desktop.To support increasing bandwidth needs, Gigabit Ethernet incorporates enhancements that enable fast optical fiber connections at the physical layer o f the network. It provides a tenfold increase in mac (Media Access Control) layer data rates to support video conferencing, complex imaging and other data-intensive applications.Gigabit Ethernet compatibility with Ethernet conserves investments in administrator expertise and support staff training, while taking advantage of user familiarity. There is no need to purchase additional protocol stacks or invest in new middleware. Just as 100Mbps Fast Ethernet provided a low-cost, incremental migration from 10Mbps Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet will provide the next logical migration to yardMbps bandwidth.This segment discusses the various topologies in which Gigabit Ethernet may be used. Gigabit Ethernet is essentially a campus technology, that is , for use as a backbone in a campus-wide network. It will be used between routers, switches and hubs. It can also be used to connect servers, server farms (a number of server machines bundled together), and powerful workstations.Essentially, fo ur types of hardware are compulsory to upgrade an exiting Ethernet/Fast Ethernet network to Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet Network Interface Cards (NICs) Aggregating switches that connect a number of Fast Ethernet segments to Gigabit Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet repeaters ( or Buffered Distributors)The five most likely upgrade scenarios are given below 1.Upgrading server-switch connectionsMost networks have centralized file servers and compute servers A server gets requests from a large number of clients. Therefore, it needs more bandwidth. Connecting servers to switches with Gigabit Ethernet will help achieve high speed access to servers. . This is perhaps the simplest way of taking advantage of Gigabit Ethernet.2.Upgrading switch-switch connectionsAnother simple upgrade involves upgrading links between Fast Ethernet switches to Gigabit Ethernet links between 100/1000 Mbps switches.3.Upgrading a Fast Ethernet backboneA Fast Ethernet backbone switch aggregates multiple 10/100 Mbps switches. It can be upgraded to a Gigabit Ethernet switch which supports multiple 100/1000 Mbps switches as well as routers and hubs which have Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. Once the backbone has been upgraded, high performance servers can be connected directly to the backbone. This will substantially increase throughput for applications which require high bandwidth.4.Upgrading High Performance WorkstationsAs workstations get more and more powerful, higher bandwidth network connections are required for the workstations. Current high-end PCs have buses which can pump out more than 1000 Mbps. Gigabit Ethernet can be used to connect such high speed machines.Gigabit Ethernet will be an ideal solution for many of the networking challenges confronting MIS departments today. With businesses implementing more powerful technologies like super-fast servers and data-intensive applications such as video streaming, videoconferencing, or high-speed file backups, the new Gigabit Ethernet standard will go a long way toward adding significant bandwidth at reasonable costs. The following explains some of the key advantages Gigabit Ethernet will provide.Gigabit Ethernet will offer a hammy increase (as much as a hundredfold) in pure bandwidth to help organizations meet the challenges of overburdened or growing network infrastructures. Gigabit throughput will greatly relieve pressures on LAN backbones while providing both the scalability and speed users need to run data-intensive applications productively. When gigabit data rates become available, firms will be able to greatly promote large file transfers between servers and other devices.Mirroring the price and performance benefits that Fast Ethernet brought to Ethernet networking, Gigabit Ethernet will offer ten times greater performance than todays Fast Ethernet at two to three times the cost. The working groups are selecting technologies, such as the Fibre Channel physical layer for fiber, with these specific cost targets in mind.Gigabit Ethernet will maintain the 802.3 and Ethernet standard frame format, as well as 802.3 managed object specifications. As a result, organizations can easily upgrade to gigabit speeds while preserving existing applications operating systems protocols such as IP, IPX, and AppleTalk and network management platforms and tools.Managing Gigabit Ethernet networks upgraded from Fast Ethernet backbones will be simple and easy because the new technology requires no reading curve or training for MIS staffs.By offering backward compatibility with existing 10/100 Ethernet standards, Gigabit Ethernet will provide the same outstanding investment protection that Fast Ethernet offered. When upgrading to gigabit performance, companies will maintain existing wiring, operating systems, protocols, drivers, and desktop applications. No training is required for users or network managers, and network management tools and applications will remain intact. Administrators will be able to keep exis ting tried-and-tested hardware, software, and management practices while providing-with minimal risk and cost-the networking functionality and performance their organizations require.Gigabit Ethernet is the third generation Ethernet technology offering a speed of 1000 Mbps. It is fully compatible with existing Ethernets, and promises to offer seamless migration to higher speeds. Existing networks will be able to upgrade their performance without having to change existing wiring, protocols or applications. Gigabit Ethernet is expected to give existing high speed technologies such as cash dispenser and FDDI a run for their money. The IEEE is working on a standard for Gigabit Ethernet, which is expected to be out by the beginning of 1998. A standard for using Gigabit Ethernet on twisted pair cable is expected by 1999.

Physical Education Essay

Sport is an important part of todays confederation and plays a large contribution in many peoples lives. Now to a greater extent than ever, tout military issues dominate headlines and athletes have become national heroes. The question is, does sport merit this kind of interest and charge? From a social standpoint, sport plays a po presentive role in uniting people from divergent social backgrounds in support of their favourite group. This can aid peoples understanding and perimeter of each other. However, just as sport unites people so it can divide them, as is practically demonstrated by crowd violence at football matches.As far as education is concerned, sport is an important part of all(prenominal) childs enlightening, as it plays a big role in both their physical and mental development. It teaches children how to work as a part of a team and cooperate with others, while at the same time improving physical condition. The only drawback to this is that children who are little able to perform well in sport are likely to feel inadequate in comparison to their more gifted classmates, which may affect their self-confidence.From an economic point of view, sport can be very profitable, as it attracts a lot of sponsorship and advertising. On the wizard hand this creates revenue for the sporting industriousness which allows for improvement and expansion. On the other hand large sums of money are often paid to event organisers to promote products such as cigarettes, which are harmful to ones health. In my opinion, sport should be used as much as possible to encourage people to lead a more healthy and peaceful life instead of being used to promote unhealthy products. We live in jet age.Life has become so easier than ever before. With advancing technologies our lives have become comfortable. But in todays world under the spell of technology we are ignoring our health. Even kids rather than sacking out and playing with friends prefer watching television ,pl aying computer games,or surf the net. Playing Sports keeps us physically fit and mentally alert. It keeps us healthy which is the most important thing of all as it is and so equal to all the wealth in the world,for you may have money but if you have non got health to enjoy it what is its use ?We have variety of sports to choose from like Basketball, Tennis , Football, Cricket, Swimming etcetera Besides sports not only helps us to be physically fit but it likewise teaches us the values of discipline, loyalty , teamwork, hard-work and honesty which helps us to play the bigger game of life A unfeigned sportsman celebrates victory and accepts defeat with a smile. To him winning is not important but giving his ampere-second% is But in todays competitive world studies are given more importance.A child doesnt get enough time to play because of constant pressure of studies and his parents to perform fall in and soften. Hence children ,parents and teachers must understand the importa nce of sports and give the child enough time to play as we all know very well that All work and no play makes Jack a purblind boy All work and no play make jack a dull boy. Nowadays many schools have forgotten this precious saying. The school sports should be made compulsory for every child as apart from studying we need recreation time to relax and take a break.many students decide they want to show case their talents at an early age. With the proper guidance and teaching, in that location are many benefits of sports like education, moral support and responsibility, sense of discipline, cooperation etc. which a student need to learn to become a perfect man . There has been a latest trend of exposure games of which children are getting addicted. This is very bad because such activities make the children lazy & inactive as they sit gazing at the computer or television.Physical education and school sport is a crucial Is this taste helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access m ore than 470,000 just like it get better grades part of a well-rounded primary school education. The main goal of physical education for junior children is to give them the skills and knowledge necessary to keep their bodies healthy as they age. In order to keep children pursue and motivated, the physical education activities must be fun and highly interactive.However, creating an enriching environment can be ambitious for schools and teachers. it is also important to keep the rules of the game in mind to play sincerely. by playing games one also learns to develop his or her behavior towards even unknown people but . there has also been a problem about the availability of grounds so the government must look into this and attend each school has a ground for its students. Therefore games are utmost necessary in the school curriculum

EXPLORING WORKING CLASS CULTURE Experience, Representation and Change Essay

EXPLORING WORKING CLASS CULTURE Experience, Representation and Change - Essay ExampleThe proposal is do stating that working coterie culture can be understood by knowing and appreciating working kinsfolk experiences in fields such as history, lit, cinema and soccer. This paper seeks to determine whether this approach is able to allow for a undivided unifying thread common to all forms of working class culture which would military service greatly in understanding its nature and form. Class experiences in literature and soccer ar explored and canvas on whether they shed light on the working class phenomenon.Can we find working class identity in the portrayals contained in literature? Working class identity is often associated with a individuals economic condition. Members of the working class are said to be those who produce the enormous riches of capitalists and of nations but received only a small part of that wealth as wages. As spike (1994) had put it, they are the work ers (slave, free, immigrants, locals, men and women) who share a common place of production with little get a line over the pace, content and products of their work and are not anyones boss.Working class culture and its members are considered almost diametrically opposed to high culture associated with the elite. Nonetheless, confining working class identity to economic conditions is limited as it also includes lived experiences, expectations, legacies and set of relationships. In retrospect, one cannot establish find a single discreet identity in working class culture but would instead find an uneasy and unstable amalgam of hybrid and fluid multiple identities. Working class literature and soccer employment serves to illuminate those experiences, relationships and diversity by revealing the intricate world of class experience as it is lived by working class people.Will an analysis of the class experience narrated in working class literature and involvement in soccer

Human Resource Management in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human Resource Management in Context - Essay ExampleThe review of the books related to this subject has revealed the following problem the criteria on which the enlisting and selection policies are based quite a little be highly differentiated across giving medications. In practice, this means that the decisions of HR managers in regard to these activities cannot be controlled either in regard to their credibility or in regard to their reasoning. The values and the rules applied in each organization are critical, at the level that they can set the limits of key organizational practices, much(prenominal) as the enlisting and selection practices. 2. People resourcing and business environment 2.1 HR grooming overview and key characteristics The basic step for developing an effective HR strategy is to secure that the whole process will be carefully designed. HR preparedness helps HR managers to secure the success of their decisions. According to Rahman (2010) HR planning is a dem anding process. Errors during the development of a firms HR plans could result to severe problems in regard to employee death penalty and communication (Rahman 2010). For eliminating the chances for such failures, Rahman (2010) suggests the gradual development of HR planning. It is suggested that the process should incorporate three key phases the duodecimal HR planning, the qualitative HR planning and the planning of personal actions (Rahman 2010, p.158). The quantitative HR planning focuses on the identification and the evaluation of the ineluctably of the organization in terms of the number of employees (Rahman 2010, p.158). The qualitative HR planning refers to the attitudes of employees and the nature of the tasks assigned (Rahman 2010, p.158). The issues of time and space, as related to the HR needs of a particular organization are addressed through both the above processes (Rahman 2010, p.158). Another critical part of HR planning is the planning of personal actions (Rahma n 2010, p.158), a process that focuses on the transformation of actual deed into the target performance (Rahman 2010, p.158). From another point of view, the HR planning can be used for making the connection amongst recruitment/ selection strategies and the organisation strategies (Millmore 2007, p.286). In other words, HR planning verifies the relationship between the recruitment/selection processes and the business environment. Amos et al. (2009) note that HR planning does not focus solely on the needs of the organizations in terms of staff but also on the philosophy and values on which the recruitment of the staff would be based (p.99). According to the above view, HR planning defines the framework used for the recruitment and selection processes (Amos et al. 2009). Moreover, HR planning should be developed using specific criteria a) the rules on which various HR processes will be based, as decided by HR planners, should be flexible enough so that they can be changed if necess ary (Amos et al. 2009), b) the structure of HR plans should be also open to changes this means that HR planning should set alternatives, available in cases of emergent organizational needs or of unexpected pressures in local or the global market (Pravin 2010). In regard to the above, Amos et al. (2009) note that rules are necessarily include in all HR plans. It is noted that these rules help

Personal description of a change in YOUR life - The Big Change and How Essay

Personal description of a change in YOUR life - The Big Change and How I Faced it - Essay ExampleHis visit was for both months and I decided to accompany him since I had my vacations. This vacation was to leave a very authorized lesson in the diary of my life. It brought with it a big change for me and I faced this topographic point in the best possible fashion utilizing tout ensemble my skills. The lesson was the importance of forgivingity and the event that every being in this orbit has a responsibleness towards his fellow being in suffering. The things that I came across when I visited Haiti were important for me and my life. My father was assigned on with his team to reach the earthquake struck country on the 1st of February that is just approximately two weeks following the earthquake. I insisted on going with him and he agreed to the fact. I recall that his agreement to my entreat was due to the fact that my father also wanted me to see the world and learn from the happenings of the world. I believe that he actually wanted me to have firsthand experience of the happenings and the suffering of other human beings so that I incorporate the importance of human lives within my character. He also wanted me to understand the fact that it was our duty to assist those in need. When we reached Haiti, I was very surprised and interpreted aback by the situation. The great deal were living in extremely poor unhygienic conditions with no proper clothing and shelter. They had still non gotten over the grief of the loss of their loved ones. To further aggravate their conditions, there was no proper fodder for them and it could be understood from their circumstances that disease spread would reach its peak if proper measures were not taken to assist these people. As soon as we reached, my father and his team started their work with the supply of sources that they had. It was the first time I had been to such a place and the firsthand viewing of human suff ering had put me in a state of shock. I was very depressed and I did not go out of our residential camping site for the next three days as I did not have the courage to go and see the pain and plight of the people. Till that day I was living in a world of my own and it was now that I had actually seen that what difficulties a person could face in his life. On the one-fourth day, I gathered strength and I had decided what actually needed to be done. I was a very different person from what I had actually been when I had reached Haiti. I analyzed the importance of human lives and I understood that we have a greater duty towards this world of being of assistance to all those in need. Every human being has a duty towards his fellow beings. I incorporated this important belief in my mind that it was our duty not to just see people suffering still actually utilize all our skills to be of assistance to them with all the resources in our reach. We should not just speak out about their su ffering but we should actually practically help them by all possible means. It unavoidably to be understood that just seeing the suffering make us sad and what would be the situation of those people who are actually facing all these difficulties in their life. I walked out of the residential camp as a different person and I knew it for a fact that this change in my spirit was to stay with me forever. I went out and my father was very happy to see me. When he saw me, I think he also understood that he had achieved what he had wanted and he could see the change in me. I went and saw all the aid activities that were